Howell Peter
University College London, UK.
J Multiling Commun Disord. 2004 Nov 1;2(3):161-186. doi: 10.1080/14769670412331271105.
Phonological words (PWs) are defined as having a single word that acts as a nucleus and an optional number of function words preceding and following that act as satellites. Content and function words are one way of specifying the nucleus and satellites of PW. PW, defined in this way, have been found useful in the characterization of patterns of disfluency over ages for both English and Spanish speakers who stutter. Since content words carry stress in English, PWs segmented using content words as the nucleus would correspond to a large extent with PWs segmented that use a stressed word as the nucleus. This correlation between word type and stress does not apply to the same extent in Spanish. Samples of Spanish from speakers of different ages were segmented into PWs using a stressed, rather than a content, word as the nucleus and unstressed, rather than function, words as satellites. PWs were partitioned into those that were common to the two segmentation methods (common set) and those that differed (different set). There were two separate segmentations when PWs differed, those appropriate to content word nuclei, and those appropriate to stressed word nuclei. The two types of segmentation on the different set were analyzed separately to see whether one, both or neither method led to similar patterns of disfluency to those reported when content words were used as nuclei in English and Spanish. Generally speaking, the patterns of stuttering in PW found in English applied to all three analyses (common and the two on the different set) in Spanish. Thus, neither segmentation method showed a marked superiority in predicting the patterns of disfluency over age groups for the different set of Spanish data. It is argued that stressed or content word status can lead to a word being a nucleus and that there may be other factors (e.g. speech rate) that underlie stressed words and content words that affect the words around these PW nuclei in a similar way.
音系词（PWs）被定义为有一个单词作为核心，以及在该核心之前和之后有若干可选的功能词作为卫星词。实词和功能词是确定音系词核心和卫星词的一种方式。以这种方式定义的音系词，已被发现有助于描述说英语和西班牙语的口吃者在不同年龄段的不流畅模式。由于英语中实词带有重音，因此以实词作为核心划分的音系词在很大程度上会与以重读音节作为核心划分的音系词相对应。词类与重音之间的这种相关性在西班牙语中并不完全适用。来自不同年龄段说西班牙语者的样本，以一个重读音节而非实词作为核心，以非重读音节而非功能词作为卫星词，被划分为音系词。音系词被分为两种划分方法共有的（共同集）和不同的（不同集）。当音系词不同时，有两种独立的划分，一种适用于实词核心，另一种适用于重读音节核心。分别分析不同集中的两种划分类型，以查看是否有一种、两种或两种方法都不会导致与在英语和西班牙语中以实词作为核心时所报告的不流畅模式相似。一般来说，在英语中发现的音系词口吃模式适用于西班牙语的所有三种分析（共同集以及不同集中的两种）。因此，对于不同集西班牙语数据，两种划分方法在预测不同年龄组的不流畅模式方面都没有明显优势。有人认为，重读音节或实词地位可导致一个单词成为核心，并且可能有其他因素（例如语速）构成重读音节和实词的基础，这些因素以类似方式影响这些音系词核心周围的单词。
