Maya Ram, Gershwin M Eric, Shoenfeld Yehuda
Department of Medicine B & Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2008 Feb;34(1):85-102. doi: 10.1007/s12016-007-8013-6.
The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases have long been an enigmatic subject that have involved genetic and environmental factors. Recent intriguing data has contributed to the mechanisms involved, including the relationship of infectious agents and loss of tolerance. This loss of tolerance is illustrated by the data on the immune response to Hepatitis B virus such as the molecular mimicry between HBV antigens and self proteins, the generation of immune complexes between HBV antigens and antibodies, and apoptosis/tissue damage resulting in the exposure of intracellular antigens to the immune system. In this paper, we review the current database related to HBV infection and a variety of autoimmune conditions, including autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, aplastic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, thyroid disease and uveitis.
自身免疫性疾病的病因和发病机制长期以来一直是一个涉及遗传和环境因素的神秘课题。最近有趣的数据为其中的机制提供了依据，包括感染因子与免疫耐受丧失之间的关系。对乙肝病毒免疫反应的数据说明了这种免疫耐受的丧失，例如乙肝病毒抗原与自身蛋白之间的分子模拟、乙肝病毒抗原与抗体之间免疫复合物的形成，以及细胞内抗原暴露于免疫系统导致的细胞凋亡/组织损伤。在本文中，我们综述了与乙肝病毒感染及多种自身免疫性疾病相关的现有数据库，这些疾病包括自身免疫性肝炎、系统性红斑狼疮、再生障碍性贫血、抗磷脂综合征、结节性多动脉炎、类风湿关节炎、1型糖尿病、多发性硬化症、甲状腺疾病和葡萄膜炎。
