Skreden M, Skari H, Björk M D, Malt U F, Veenstra M, Faugli A, Avitsland T L, Emblem R
Department of Paediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway.
BJOG. 2008 Mar;115(4):462-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01631.x.
Maternal and paternal psychological distress influence children's development and health beyond the perinatal period. The aim of our study was to describe psychological health during a 5-year period in parents of preschool children. Secondarily, we wanted to explore differences between mothers and fathers and identify predictors for increased psychological distress in parents.
Prospective cohort study.
A county in Southern Norway 1998-2004.
One hundred and twenty-three mothers and 112 fathers were candidates for the follow-up study.
Parental psychological responses were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), State Anxiety Inventory-X1 and Impact of Event Scale at 0-4 days, 6 weeks, 6 months and 5 years after delivery of a healthy child.
Parental psychological distress defined by GHQ-28 Likert sum score at 5-year follow-up.
Clinically important psychological distress (GHQ case score > or = 6) was reported by more mothers (29%) than by fathers (11%) (P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, psychological distress (GHQ-28 Likert sum score) after 5 years was predicted by initial psychological distress, being single and low educational level in mothers, and unemployment and low quality of relationship with partner in fathers.
Fathers reported significantly lower frequency of clinically important psychological distress and more stable scores than mothers throughout the period. The results indicate that selected psychometric screening may be warranted for parents with known psychosocial risk factors.
父母的心理困扰对儿童围产期后的发育和健康会产生影响。我们研究的目的是描述学龄前儿童父母在5年期间的心理健康状况。其次，我们想探究父母之间的差异，并确定父母心理困扰加剧的预测因素。
前瞻性队列研究。
1998 - 2004年挪威南部的一个县。
123名母亲和112名父亲为随访研究的对象。
在健康儿童出生后的0 - 4天、6周、6个月和5年，使用一般健康问卷（GHQ - 28）、状态焦虑量表X1和事件影响量表评估父母的心理反应。
在5年随访时，根据GHQ - 28李克特总分定义的父母心理困扰。
报告有临床显著心理困扰（GHQ病例评分≥6）的母亲（29%）多于父亲（11%）（P = 0.004）。在多变量分析中，母亲5年后的心理困扰（GHQ - 28李克特总分）可由初始心理困扰、单身和低教育水平预测，而父亲则由失业和与伴侣关系质量低预测。
在整个期间，父亲报告的临床显著心理困扰频率显著低于母亲，且得分更稳定。结果表明，对于有已知心理社会风险因素的父母，可能有必要进行特定的心理测量筛查。
