Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Oslo and Akershus, HIOA, P,O, Box 4, St, Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway.
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2013 Oct 31;12(1):33. doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-12-33.
Several studies have reported significantly higher stress levels, both short and long terms, among mothers giving preterm birth compared with mothers giving birth at term. Stress, however, is a psychological phenomenon that may present as anxiety, depression and/or trauma reactions. In this study, the long-term mental health outcomes and the prevalence of anxiety, depression and trauma reactions in women experiencing preterm birth were explored. Interactional, main effect variables and predictors were identified.
Twenty-nine mothers of 35 premature children born before the 33rd week of pregnancy were assessed within 2 weeks postpartum (T0), 2 weeks after hospitalization (T1), 6 months post-term (T2), and 18 months post-term (T3). The standardized psychometric methods Impact of Event Scale (IES), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1) assessed the maternal mental health outcomes.
The maternal mental health problems except state anxiety decreased from T0 to T1, but remained high and stable at T3. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at T0 and T3 was 52% and 23%, respectively. We identified the time period between T0 and T1 to have a significant main effect on mental health outcomes. The predictors of higher levels of mental health problems were preeclampsia, previous psychological treatment, age, trait anxiety and infant's postnatal intraventricular haemorrhage. Bleeding in pregnancy predicted lower levels of mental health problems.
The prevalence of maternal mental health problems remained high, emphasizing the importance of effective interventions.
几项研究报告称，与足月分娩的母亲相比，早产儿的母亲在短期和长期内的压力水平都明显更高。然而，压力是一种可能表现为焦虑、抑郁和/或创伤反应的心理现象。在这项研究中，探讨了经历早产的妇女的长期心理健康结果以及焦虑、抑郁和创伤反应的患病率。确定了交互、主要效应变量和预测因素。
在产后 2 周内（T0）、住院后 2 周（T1）、足月后 6 个月（T2）和足月后 18 个月（T3），评估了 29 名 33 孕周前出生的 35 名早产儿的母亲。使用标准化心理测量方法，包括事件影响量表（IES）、一般健康问卷（GHQ）和状态焦虑量表（STAI-X1）评估产妇的心理健康结果。
产妇的心理健康问题除了状态焦虑外，从 T0 到 T1 有所下降，但在 T3 时仍然很高且稳定。T0 和 T3 时创伤后应激反应（PTSR）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的患病率分别为 52%和 23%。我们发现 T0 和 T1 之间的时间段对心理健康结果有显著的主要影响。心理健康问题水平较高的预测因素包括子痫前期、以前的心理治疗、年龄、特质焦虑和婴儿的产后室管膜下出血。妊娠出血预测了较低水平的心理健康问题。
产妇心理健康问题的患病率仍然很高，强调了有效干预的重要性。
