Hoekstra-Weebers J E, Jaspers J P, Kamps W A, Klip E C
Department of Medical Psychology, University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Psychooncology. 1998 Jan-Feb;7(1):26-36. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(199801/02)7:1<26::AID-PON315>3.0.CO;2-0.
This study investigated differences in psychological distress and coping styles between fathers and mothers of pediatric cancer patients, over a 1-year time period. Also examined were (dis)similarities in couples in distress and coping, and the relationship between (dis)similarities in coping and psychological functioning of both members of a couple. Parents (n = 124, 62 couples) were assessed at diagnosis, at 6 and 12 months. Fathers and mothers experienced higher levels of psychiatric symptomatology and psychological distress at diagnosis than men and women of a normgroup. Distress declined significantly with time. Although parents did not report more symptoms than the normgroup 12 months post-diagnosis, they still were psychologically out of balance. Contrary to findings in the general population, no differences were found between fathers and mothers in psychiatric symptoms or psychological distress on any of the measurements. Only a few gender differences in coping were found. Fathers used more active-problem focusing at diagnosis and a less palliative reaction pattern at 12 months than did mothers. Mothers used more social-support seeking on all measurements. A tendency for similarity in the use of the coping styles within couples was found. Discrepancies in coping in couples were positively related to distress in fathers at diagnosis. However, 12 months later, the more discrepant the couples were in their coping preferences the more distress the mothers indicated.
本研究调查了小儿癌症患者父母在1年时间内心理困扰和应对方式的差异。同时还考察了处于困扰和应对状态的夫妻之间的（不）相似性，以及夫妻双方应对方式的（不）相似性与心理功能之间的关系。在诊断时、6个月和12个月时对124名父母（62对夫妻）进行了评估。与正常组的男性和女性相比，父母在诊断时经历了更高水平的精神症状和心理困扰。随着时间的推移，困扰显著下降。虽然父母在诊断后12个月报告的症状并不比正常组多，但他们的心理仍未恢复平衡。与一般人群的研究结果相反，在任何测量中，父母在精神症状或心理困扰方面均未发现差异。仅发现了一些应对方式上的性别差异。在诊断时，父亲比母亲更多地采用积极关注问题的方式，而在12个月时，父亲采用的姑息反应模式比母亲少。在所有测量中，母亲更多地寻求社会支持。发现夫妻在应对方式的使用上有相似的倾向。夫妻在应对方式上的差异与父亲在诊断时的困扰呈正相关。然而，12个月后，夫妻在应对偏好上的差异越大，母亲所表现出的困扰就越多。
