Palmieri M Cristina, Sell Simone, Huang Xi, Scherf Matthias, Werner Thomas, Durner Jörg, Lindermayr Christian
Institute for Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.
J Exp Bot. 2008;59(2):177-86. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm345. Epub 2008 Feb 13.
Due to its high reactivity and its ability to diffuse and permeate the cell membrane, nitric oxide (NO) and its exchangeable redox-activated species are unique biological messengers in animals and in plants. Although an increasing number of reports indicate that NO is an essential molecule in several physiological processes, there is not a clear picture of its method of action. Studies on the transcriptional changes induced by NO permitted identification of genes involved in different functional processes such as signal transduction, defence and cell death, transport, basic metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and degradation. The co-expression of these genes can be explained by the co-operation of a set of transcription factors that bind a common region in the promoter of the regulated genes. The present report describes the search for a common transcription factor-binding site (TFBS) in promoter regions of NO-regulated genes, based on microarray analyses. Using Genomatix Gene2Promotor and MatInspector, eight families of TFBSs were found to occur at least 15% more often in the promoter regions of the responsive genes in comparison with the promoter regions of 28,447 Arabidopsis control genes. Most of these TFBSs, such as ocs element-like sequences and WRKY, have already been reported to be involved in particular stress responses. Furthermore, the promoter regions of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis were analysed for a common TFBS module, since some genes responsible for JA biosynthesis are induced by NO, and an interaction between NO and JA signalling has already been described.
由于一氧化氮（NO）具有高反应活性以及扩散和渗透细胞膜的能力，它及其可交换的氧化还原激活形式是动物和植物中独特的生物信使。尽管越来越多的报告表明NO是多种生理过程中的必需分子，但其作用方式尚无清晰的图景。对由NO诱导的转录变化进行的研究，使得鉴定出参与不同功能过程的基因成为可能，这些过程包括信号转导、防御和细胞死亡、运输、基础代谢以及活性氧（ROS）的产生和降解。这些基因的共表达可以通过一组转录因子的协同作用来解释，这些转录因子结合受调控基因启动子中的共同区域。本报告基于微阵列分析，描述了在NO调控基因的启动子区域中寻找共同转录因子结合位点（TFBS）的过程。使用Genomatix Gene2Promotor和MatInspector软件，发现与28,447个拟南芥对照基因的启动子区域相比，八个TFBS家族在响应基因的启动子区域中出现的频率至少高出15%。这些TFBS中的大多数，如ocs元件样序列和WRKY，已被报道参与特定的应激反应。此外，对茉莉酸（JA）生物合成相关基因的启动子区域进行了共同TFBS模块分析，因为一些负责JA生物合成的基因可被NO诱导，并且已经描述了NO与JA信号传导之间的相互作用。
