McCuaig M, Frank G
Occupational Therapy Division, School of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Am J Occup Ther. 1991 Mar;45(3):224-34. doi: 10.5014/ajot.45.3.224.
An ethnographic approach was used to study adaptation to independent living of a 53-year-old woman with cerebral palsy in a West Coast Canadian city. The subject's adaptation through her use of technology (including augmentative communication systems and a powered wheelchair), activity routines, and social supports was documented with the life history method. Short-term accommodations to disruption or breakdown of stable adaptations were observed through participant observation. The criterion of function alone was found insufficient to account for the subject's choice of adaptive techniques, routines, and social supports. Adaptive choices appeared to depend on the subject's desire to be perceived as able, especially as mentally competent, to the greatest extent possible. The way field experiences may be used to challenge professionals' assumptions, in this case, concerning disability and treatment, is modeled for future ethnographic research in occupational therapy.
采用人种志方法研究了一名53岁患有脑瘫的女性在加拿大西海岸一座城市适应独立生活的情况。运用生活史方法记录了该受试者通过使用技术（包括辅助沟通系统和电动轮椅）、日常活动及社会支持所实现的适应过程。通过参与观察，观察到了对稳定适应的中断或崩溃所做出的短期调整。研究发现，仅功能这一标准不足以解释该受试者对适应性技术、日常活动及社会支持的选择。适应性选择似乎取决于受试者尽可能被视为有能力，尤其是在心智方面有能力的愿望。本文为职业治疗领域未来的人种志研究树立了范例，展示了实地经验可如何用于挑战专业人员在残疾与治疗方面的假设。
