Carapetian Stephanie, Siedlarz Monika, Jackson Sandra, Perlmuter Lawrence C
The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2008 Apr;68(1):70-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.01.004. Epub 2008 Jan 26.
The increase in orthostatic systolic blood pressure associated with the shift in posture from lying to standing requires several compensatory mechanisms to ensure adequate cerebral perfusion. Decreased efficiency in the various mechanisms controlling orthostatic blood pressure regulation can result in dizziness, lightheadedness, and syncope. The degree of effectiveness of orthostatic systolic blood pressure regulation (OBPR) serves as a marker for a variety of problems including fatigue, depression, anxiety, reduced attention, impulsive behavior and reduced volition. In normal children, an insufficient increase in systolic blood pressure in response to upright posture is predictive of mild cognitive and affective problems. The present study examined orthostatic systolic blood pressure regulation in relation to yearlong teachers' evaluations of academic grades and effort in 7-11 year old children. Poorer systolic blood pressure regulation in response to orthostasis was associated with reduced levels of classroom effort, while academic grades were spared. Converging evidence from clinical as well as experimental studies suggests that the linkage between (OBPR) and effort may be partially mediated by sympathetic dysfunction, altered release of neurotransmitters, or reduced cerebral blood flow.
从卧位到站立位姿势转变时，体位性收缩压升高需要多种代偿机制来确保充足的脑灌注。控制体位性血压调节的各种机制效率降低会导致头晕、头重脚轻和晕厥。体位性收缩压调节（OBPR）的有效程度是多种问题的一个标志，这些问题包括疲劳、抑郁、焦虑、注意力下降、冲动行为和意志力降低。在正常儿童中，对直立姿势反应时收缩压升高不足预示着存在轻度认知和情感问题。本研究考察了7至11岁儿童体位性收缩压调节与教师对其全年学业成绩和努力程度评价之间的关系。体位改变时收缩压调节较差与课堂努力程度降低有关，而学业成绩不受影响。来自临床和实验研究的越来越多的证据表明，（OBPR）与努力之间的联系可能部分由交感神经功能障碍、神经递质释放改变或脑血流量减少介导。
