Malchaire J B, Rezk-Kallah B
Catholic University of Louvain, Hygiene and Work Physiology Unit, Brussels, Belgium.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991 Apr;17(2):110-6. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1729.
A study was made of work conditions suspected of being responsible for a greater prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among 33 bricklayers. A standardized questionnaire was used to confirm a high 12-month prevalence of 73% for the low back and about 20% for the upper limbs. Physical work load was studied with the use of heart rate recordings and posture analyses. According to the heart rate data, the work load was "moderately heavy" (300 W). A diagnostic analysis identified work postures that could be considered as imposing a heavy strain on the musculoskeletal system. The risk associated with these postures was investigated with biomechanical models. This analysis procedure made possible elaborate ergonomic solutions that reduced the work load in general and the biomechanical constraints in particular.
对33名砖匠中疑似导致肌肉骨骼疾病患病率较高的工作条件进行了一项研究。使用标准化问卷确认了下背部12个月患病率高达73%，上肢约为20%。通过心率记录和姿势分析来研究体力工作负荷。根据心率数据，工作负荷为“中等偏重”（300瓦）。诊断分析确定了可被视为给肌肉骨骼系统带来沉重负担的工作姿势。使用生物力学模型研究了与这些姿势相关的风险。这种分析程序使得精心设计的人体工程学解决方案成为可能，这些方案总体上降低了工作负荷，特别是减少了生物力学限制。
