Leroy Jef L, Vermandere Heleen, Neufeld Lynnette M, Bertozzi Stefano M
Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62508, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
J Nutr. 2008 Mar;138(3):638-41. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.3.638.
Oportunidades, Mexico's most important antipoverty program, currently with 5 million enrolled households in all regions of the country, has been shown to significantly contribute to improving the nutrition, health, and education of the poor. Because the program has used different enrollment strategies in rural and urban areas and has both obligatory (e.g., health and nutrition education) and nonobligatory components (e.g., nutrition supplements for children younger than 2 y of age), it provides an excellent opportunity to study program enrollment and utilization of different program components. In urban areas enrollment was more complex, and hence enrollment was much lower then in rural areas where the process was quasiautomatic, and nearly all eligible households enrolled. Enrollment in urban areas was not associated with having a child younger than 2 y of age. Utilization was notably higher with the obligatory than with the nonobligatory program components, illustrated by the inadequate consumption of the nutrition program's supplement as compared with near-universal compliance with well-baby visits. Innovative approaches, some of which are currently being tested, are needed to further increase the program's impact.
墨西哥最重要的反贫困项目“机遇计划”目前在该国所有地区有500万户家庭登记参与，该计划已被证明对改善穷人的营养、健康和教育有显著贡献。由于该计划在农村和城市地区采用了不同的登记策略，并且既有强制性组成部分（如健康和营养教育），也有非强制性组成部分（如为2岁以下儿童提供营养补充剂），它为研究项目登记情况以及不同项目组成部分的使用情况提供了绝佳机会。在城市地区，登记过程更为复杂，因此登记率远低于农村地区，农村地区的登记过程几乎是自动的，几乎所有符合条件的家庭都进行了登记。城市地区的登记情况与家中有2岁以下儿童无关。强制性项目组成部分的利用率明显高于非强制性项目组成部分，这一点从营养项目补充剂的消费不足与几乎普遍遵守婴儿健康检查的情况对比中可以看出。需要采用创新方法（其中一些目前正在测试）来进一步提高该计划的影响力。
