Nikolaev Andrey R, Ziessler Michael, Dimova Kamelia, van Leeuwen Cees
Laboratory for Perceptual Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Biol Psychol. 2008 Apr;78(1):53-65. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.12.010. Epub 2008 Jan 9.
We used high-density event-related potentials (ERP) in a modified flanker paradigm to study the role of anticipated action consequences in action planning and the role of anticipation in the perception of action consequences. Prior to the experiment, participants were trained to classify target letters in a four-alternative forced-choice task; another letter was presented as an effect following each response. After participants had thus acquired the response-effect contingencies, in the experiment effect letters were presented as flankers to target letters. Effect-compatible flankers were letters that were learned as effects of the correct response to the target; effect-incompatible ones were learned as effects of other responses; neutral flankers were never presented as action effects. To help distinguish early and late effects of flankers on target processing, flankers were presented either simultaneously with the target or after a delay. We found that effect-incompatible flankers resulted in longer, than other flankers, time between the onset of the response-locked lateralized readiness potential and the response, indicating extended motor processing. ERP evoked by the effect-incompatible flankers differed from those evoked by other flankers in early perceptual component P1 and in later frontal component P2 reflecting stimulus evaluation and conflict detection. These results show that anticipating action consequences involves brain systems ranging from perceptual to executive; anticipated action effects constitute a link between perception and action.
我们采用高密度事件相关电位（ERP），在改良的侧翼范式中，研究预期动作后果在动作规划中的作用以及预期在动作后果感知中的作用。实验前，参与者接受训练，在四项选择的强制选择任务中对目标字母进行分类；每次反应后会呈现另一个字母作为结果。参与者掌握反应 - 结果的关联性后，在实验中，将结果字母作为目标字母的侧翼呈现。与结果兼容的侧翼字母是作为对目标正确反应的结果而学到的字母；与结果不兼容的侧翼字母是作为其他反应的结果而学到的；中性侧翼字母从未作为动作结果呈现。为了帮助区分侧翼对目标加工的早期和晚期影响，侧翼字母与目标字母同时呈现或延迟呈现。我们发现，与其他侧翼字母相比，与结果不兼容的侧翼字母会导致反应锁定的侧化准备电位起始与反应之间的时间更长，这表明运动加工过程延长。与结果不兼容的侧翼字母诱发的ERP在反映刺激评估和冲突检测的早期感知成分P1以及后期额叶成分P2方面与其他侧翼字母诱发的ERP不同。这些结果表明，预期动作后果涉及从感知到执行的脑系统；预期动作效应构成了感知与动作之间的联系。
