Longo B M, Rossignol A, Green J B
Department of Public Health, Oregon State University, 254 Waldo Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Public Health. 2008 Aug;122(8):809-20. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.09.017. Epub 2008 Feb 21.
To investigate cardiorespiratory health effects associated with chronic exposure to volcanogenic sulphur dioxide (SO2) and fine sulphate particle (< or = 0.3 microm) air pollution emitted from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii.
Environmental-epidemiological cross-sectional study.
An air study was conducted to measure exposure levels in the downwind area, and to confirm non-exposure in a reference area. Cross-sectional health data were collected from 335 adults, > or = 20 years of age, who had resided for > or = 7 years in the study areas. Prevalence was estimated for cardiorespiratory signs, and self-reported symptoms and diseases. Logistic regression analysis estimated effect measures between exposed and unexposed groups considering potential confounding including age, gender, race, smoking, dust and body mass index (BMI). Student's t-tests compared mean differences in blood pressure (BP), pulse and respiratory rates.
There were statistically significant positive associations between chronic exposure and increased prevalence of cough, phlegm, rhinorrhoea, sore/dry throat, sinus congestion, wheezing, eye irritation and bronchitis. The magnitude of the associations differed according to SO2 and fine sulphate particulate exposure. Group analyses found no differences in pulse rate or BP; however, significantly faster mean pulse rates were detected in exposed non-medicated, non-smoking participants with BMI <25, and in participants aged > or = 65 years. Higher mean systolic BP was found in exposed participants with BMI <25.
Long-term residency in active degassing volcanic areas may have an adverse effect on cardiorespiratory health in adults. Further study at Kilauea is recommended, and the authors encourage investigations in communities near active volcanoes worldwide. Public health interventions of community education, and smoking prevention and cessation are suggested.
调查长期接触夏威夷基拉韦厄火山排放的火山源二氧化硫（SO₂）和细硫酸盐颗粒（≤0.3微米）空气污染对心肺健康的影响。
环境流行病学横断面研究。
开展一项空气研究，以测量下风向区域的暴露水平，并确认对照区域不存在暴露情况。收集了335名年龄≥20岁、在研究区域居住≥7年的成年人的横断面健康数据。对心肺体征、自我报告的症状和疾病的患病率进行了估算。逻辑回归分析在考虑年龄、性别、种族、吸烟、粉尘和体重指数（BMI）等潜在混杂因素的情况下，估算了暴露组和非暴露组之间的效应量。采用学生t检验比较血压（BP）、脉搏和呼吸频率的平均差异。
慢性暴露与咳嗽、咳痰、流涕、咽喉疼痛/干燥、鼻窦充血、喘息、眼睛刺激和支气管炎患病率增加之间存在统计学上的显著正相关。相关性的程度因SO₂和细硫酸盐颗粒物暴露情况而异。分组分析发现脉搏率或血压没有差异；然而，在BMI<25的未用药、不吸烟的暴露参与者以及年龄≥65岁的参与者中，检测到平均脉搏率明显更快。在BMI<25的暴露参与者中发现收缩压平均值较高。
长期居住在有活跃排气的火山地区可能会对成年人的心肺健康产生不利影响。建议在基拉韦厄进行进一步研究，作者鼓励在全球活跃火山附近的社区开展调查。建议采取社区教育以及预防和戒烟等公共卫生干预措施。
