Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr. PO Box 322, Ann Arbor, MI, 48188, USA.
J Hum Hypertens. 2018 Sep;32(8-9):594-607. doi: 10.1038/s41371-018-0078-6. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
High blood pressure (BP) affects over one billion people and is the leading risk factor for global mortality. While many lifestyle and genetic risk factors are well-accepted to increase BP, the role of the external environment is typically overlooked. Mounting evidence now supports that numerous environmental factors can promote an elevation in BP. Broadly speaking these include aspects of the natural environment (e.g., cold temperatures, higher altitude, and winter season), natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions), and man-made exposures (e.g., noise, air pollutants, and toxins/chemicals). This is important for health care providers to recognize as one (or several) of these environmental factors could be playing a clinically meaningful role in elevating BP or disrupting hypertension control among their patients. At the population level, certain environmental exposures may even be contributing to the growing pandemic of hypertension. Here we provide an updated review of the literature linking environment exposures with high BP and outline practical recommendations for clinicians.
高血压（BP）影响超过 10 亿人，是全球死亡率的主要危险因素。虽然许多生活方式和遗传风险因素被认为会升高血压，但外部环境的作用通常被忽视。越来越多的证据支持许多环境因素可以促进血压升高。广义上讲，这些因素包括自然环境的各个方面（例如，寒冷的温度、高海拔和冬季）、自然灾害（例如，地震、火山爆发）和人为暴露（例如，噪音、空气污染物和毒素/化学物质）。这对于医疗保健提供者来说很重要，因为他们可能会认识到，这些环境因素之一（或多种）可能在升高血压或干扰患者的高血压控制方面发挥着重要作用。在人群层面上，某些环境暴露甚至可能导致高血压的流行日益严重。在这里，我们提供了一份关于环境暴露与高血压相关的文献综述，并为临床医生提出了实用建议。
