Zimmerman Guy A, Weyrich Andrew S
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Mar;28(3):s17-24. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160218.
New biologic activities of platelets continue to be discovered, indicating that concepts of platelet function in hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation require reconsideration as new paradigms evolve. Studies done over 3 decades ago demonstrated that mature circulating platelets have protein synthetic capacity, but it was thought to be low level and inconsequential. In contrast, recent discoveries demonstrate that platelets synthesize protein products with important biologic activities in a rapid and sustained fashion in response to cellular activation. This process, termed signal-dependent translation, uses a constitutive transcriptome and specialized pathways, and can alter platelet phenotype and functions in a fashion that can have clinical relevance. Signal-dependent translation and consequent protein synthesis are examples of a diverse group of posttranscriptural mechanisms in activated platelets that are now being revealed.
血小板的新生物学活性不断被发现，这表明随着新范式的演变，止血、血栓形成和炎症中血小板功能的概念需要重新审视。三十多年前进行的研究表明，成熟的循环血小板具有蛋白质合成能力，但当时认为其水平较低且无关紧要。相比之下，最近的发现表明，血小板在细胞激活后能以快速且持续的方式合成具有重要生物学活性的蛋白质产物。这个过程被称为信号依赖性翻译，它利用组成型转录组和特殊途径，并且能够以具有临床相关性的方式改变血小板表型和功能。信号依赖性翻译以及随之而来的蛋白质合成是目前正在揭示的活化血小板中多种转录后机制的例子。
