Crewther Blair, Cronin John, Keogh Justin, Cook Christian
Health and Food Group, Hort Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jan;22(1):250-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815f5f91.
This aim of this study was to examine the free hormone (in saliva) responses to squat workouts performed by recreationally weight-trained males, using either a power (8 sets of 6 reps, 45% 1 repetition maximum [1RM], 3-minute rest periods, ballistic movements), hypertrophy (10 sets of 10 reps, 75% 1RM, 2-minute rest periods, controlled movements), or maximal strength scheme (6 sets of 4 reps, 88% 1RM, 4-minute rest periods, explosive intent). To determine the relative importance of the different training variables, these schemes were equated by workout duration with the power and strength schemes also equated by load volume. Salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) both increased following the hypertrophy scheme (P < 0.05), with little to no hormonal change across the power and maximal strength schemes (P > 0.05). In general, the postexercise T and C responses to the hypertrophy scheme exceeded the other two schemes (P < 0.05). The greater volume of load lifted in the hypertrophy protocol over the same workout duration may explain the endocrine differences observed. The similar T and C responses to the power and maximal strength schemes (of equal volume) support such a view and suggest that differences in load intensity, rest periods, and technique are secondary to volume. Because the acute hormonal responses to resistance exercise contribute to protein metabolism, then load volume may be the most important workout variable activating the endocrine system and stimulating muscle growth.
本研究的目的是检测进行休闲式负重训练的男性进行深蹲训练时，其游离激素（唾液中）对采用三种训练方案的反应，这三种方案分别为力量训练方案（8组，每组6次重复，45%的1次重复最大值[1RM]，休息3分钟，爆发性动作）、增肌训练方案（10组，每组10次重复，75%的1RM，休息2分钟，控制性动作）或最大力量训练方案（6组，每组4次重复，88%的1RM，休息4分钟，爆发性动作）。为了确定不同训练变量的相对重要性，这些方案通过训练时长进行了等同处理，力量训练方案和最大力量训练方案还通过负荷量进行了等同处理。增肌训练方案后唾液睾酮（T）和皮质醇（C）均升高（P<0.05），而力量训练方案和最大力量训练方案中激素变化很小或没有变化（P>0.05）。总体而言，增肌训练方案后的运动后T和C反应超过了其他两种方案（P<0.05）。在相同训练时长内，增肌训练方案中举起的负荷量更大，这可能解释了观察到的内分泌差异。对力量训练方案和最大力量训练方案（负荷量相同）的T和C反应相似，支持了这一观点，并表明负荷强度、休息时间和技术的差异相对于负荷量是次要的。由于抗阻运动的急性激素反应有助于蛋白质代谢，那么负荷量可能是激活内分泌系统和刺激肌肉生长的最重要的训练变量。
