Greenwood Benjamin N, Fleshner Monika
Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Clare Small Building, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
Neuromolecular Med. 2008;10(2):81-98. doi: 10.1007/s12017-008-8029-y. Epub 2008 Feb 26.
Exercise can prevent the development of stress-related mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms of this effect, however, remain unknown. Recently, researchers have used animal models to begin to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of physical activity. Using the behavioral consequences of uncontrollable stress or "learned helplessness" as an animal analog of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in rats, we are investigating factors that could be important for the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of exercise (i.e., wheel running). The current review focuses on the following: (1) the effect of exercise on the behavioral consequences of uncontrollable stress and the implications of these effects on the specificity of the "learned helplessness" animal model; (2) the neurocircuitry of learned helplessness and the role of serotonin; and (3) exercise-associated neural adaptations and neural plasticity that may contribute to the stress-resistant brain. Identifying the mechanisms by which exercise prevents learned helplessness could shed light on the complex neurobiology of depression and anxiety and potentially lead to novel strategies for the prevention of stress-related mood disorders.
运动可以预防与压力相关的情绪障碍的发生，如抑郁症和焦虑症。然而，这种效应潜在的神经生物学机制仍不清楚。最近，研究人员利用动物模型开始阐明体育活动产生保护作用的潜在机制。以不可控压力或“习得性无助”的行为后果作为大鼠抑郁样和焦虑样行为的动物类似物，我们正在研究对运动（即轮转跑步）的抗抑郁和抗焦虑特性可能重要的因素。本综述重点关注以下方面：（1）运动对不可控压力行为后果的影响以及这些影响对“习得性无助”动物模型特异性的意义；（2）习得性无助的神经回路及血清素的作用；（3）可能有助于大脑产生抗应激能力的与运动相关的神经适应性和神经可塑性。确定运动预防习得性无助的机制可能会揭示抑郁症和焦虑症复杂的神经生物学，并有可能带来预防与压力相关情绪障碍的新策略。
