Guydish Joseph, Passalacqua Emma, Tajima Barbara, Manser Sarah Turcotte
Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco 94118, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2007 Dec;39(4):423-33. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2007.10399881.
The aims of this review were to assess smoking prevalence among drug abuse treatment staff and summarize the range of barriers to provision of nicotine dependence intervention to clients receiving addictions treatment. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify publications reporting on workforce smoking prevalence, attitudes toward smoking, and perceived barriers to providing smoking cessation treatment in drug abuse treatment settings. Twenty papers met study inclusion criteria. Staff smoking prevalence estimates in the literature ranged from 14% to 40%. The most frequently reported barriers to providing nicotine dependence intervention in addiction treatment settings were lack of staff knowledge or training in this area, that smoking cessation concurrent with other drug or alcohol treatment may create a risk to sobriety, and staff are themselves smokers. Staff smoking is not uniformly elevated in the drug abuse treatment workforce. Smoking prevalence may be lower where staff are more educated or professionally trained, and may be higher in community-based drug treatment programs. Barriers to treating nicotine dependence may be addressed through staff training, policy development, and by supporting staff to quit smoking. State departments of alcohol and drug programs, and national and professional organizations, can also support treatment of nicotine dependence in drug abuse treatment settings.
本综述的目的是评估药物滥用治疗工作人员中的吸烟率，并总结在为接受成瘾治疗的患者提供尼古丁依赖干预方面存在的一系列障碍。我们进行了系统的文献检索，以找出报告劳动力吸烟率、对吸烟的态度以及在药物滥用治疗环境中提供戒烟治疗的感知障碍的出版物。二十篇论文符合研究纳入标准。文献中工作人员吸烟率的估计范围为14%至40%。在成瘾治疗环境中，最常报告的提供尼古丁依赖干预的障碍是工作人员在该领域缺乏知识或培训、与其他药物或酒精治疗同时进行戒烟可能会对清醒状态造成风险以及工作人员自身就是吸烟者。在药物滥用治疗工作人员中，吸烟率并非普遍升高。在工作人员受教育程度更高或接受过专业培训的地方，吸烟率可能较低，而在社区药物治疗项目中可能较高。可以通过工作人员培训、政策制定以及支持工作人员戒烟来解决治疗尼古丁依赖的障碍。州酒精和药物项目部门以及国家和专业组织也可以支持在药物滥用治疗环境中治疗尼古丁依赖。
