Kloc Malgorzata
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Int J Dev Biol. 2008;52(2-3):115-9. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.072382mk.
The majority of modern research in cell and developmental biology is based almost exclusively on seven model organisms: mouse, zebra fish, Xenopus laevis frog, Drosophila fly, Caenorabditis elegans worm, Arabidopsis plant and yeast. Although the validity and practicality of these model systems and their impact on scientific progress are undeniable, the combination of goal-oriented science and the use of the model systems introduces, a priori, a dangerous limitation to scientific discovery. Consequently, many astonishing phenomena occurring in non-model organisms are either never studied or, disappear from scientific consciousness. A perfect example is the fate of the important studies by Professor Zygmunt Kraczkiewicz on chromatin diminution in Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) conducted before World War II and continued by his team until early 1990 in the Department of Cytology at Warsaw University in Poland. These light and electron microscopy studies have not been elevated to the molecular level, and although they deserve to be extensively studied and cited by researchers working in the field of soma and germ cell differentiation and specification, they have been, within the past 40 years, nearly completely wiped out of scientific memory. This article presents a short summary of this important research in the historical context of pre- and post-war science at Warsaw University in Poland.
小鼠、斑马鱼、非洲爪蟾、果蝇、秀丽隐杆线虫、拟南芥和酵母。尽管这些模式系统的有效性、实用性及其对科学进步的影响不可否认，但目标导向的科学与模式系统的使用相结合，从一开始就给科学发现带来了危险的局限性。因此，许多在非模式生物中出现的惊人现象要么从未被研究过，要么从科学认知中消失了。一个完美的例子就是齐格蒙特·克拉茨基维茨教授在二战前对瘿蚊科（双翅目）染色质消减所做的重要研究，以及他的团队在波兰华沙大学细胞学系一直持续到1990年初的研究。这些光学和电子显微镜研究尚未提升到分子水平，尽管它们值得在体细胞和生殖细胞分化与特化领域工作的研究人员进行广泛研究和引用，但在过去40年里，它们几乎完全从科学记忆中消失了。本文在波兰华沙大学战前和战后科学的历史背景下，对这项重要研究进行了简要总结。
