Biologic response to subcutaneous and intranasal therapy with desmopressin in a large Amish kindred with Type 2M von Willebrand disease.

The aim of this study was to characterize the adequacy and longevity of biological response to desmopressin (DDAVP) in a large Amish kindred of Type 2M von Willebrand disease (VWD) possessing C-to-T transition at nucleotide 4120 in exon 28 of A1 domain of von Willebrand factor (VWF) gene. Response to both intranasal (Stimate) and subcutaneous DDAVP administration was assessed. Rise in ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) > or = 40% at 90-min post-Stimate and 1-2 h after subcutaneous DDAVP was defined as initial response; response longevity was assessed only after subcutaneous dosing by measuring VWF:RCo levels at time-points 1, 2, 4 and 6 h. Eleven patients (five males, six females; age range: 20-56 years) participated in intranasal and 9/11 (four males, five females) in subcutaneous testing. Baseline haemostatic profiles included: VWF:RCo < 15%, VWF:Ag < 40% and normal VWF multimers. Initial response was comparable by both intranasal (6/11; 54.5%) and subcutaneous (4/9; 44%) routes; sustained response (VWF:RCo > 40% for 2 h) was observed in only one in nine (11%) patients tested. Median VWF:RCo peak levels after intranasal (40%) and subcutaneous (39%) routes were equivalent. Peak VWF:Ag levels were significantly higher after subcutaneous than intranasal DDAVP (94% vs. 54%; P = 0.03). Area under the curve for VWF:RCo was significantly decreased (170 microg h mL(-1)) compared with VWF:Ag (471 microg h mL(-1)) and FVIII:C (624.60 microg h mL(-1)). This study suggests that in this population: (i) intra-individual DDAVP response is consistent with subcutaneous and intranasal administration; and (ii) extending DDAVP challenge test up to at least 6 h is required to characterize adequacy and longevity of biologic response prior to using DDAVP as a sole haemostatic intervention.