Deribe Kebede, Woldemichael Kifle, Wondafrash Mekitie, Haile Amaha, Amberbir Alemayehu
Fayyaa Integrated Development Association-NCMI, PEPFAR-New Partners Initiative, P,O, Box 5035, Jimma, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2008 Feb 29;8:81. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-81.
Disclosing HIV test results to one's sexual partner allows the partner to engage in preventive behaviors as well as the access of necessary support for coping with serostatus or illness. It may motivate partners to seek testing or change behavior, and ultimately decrease the transmission of HIV. The present study was undertaken to determine the rate, outcomes and factors associated with HIV positive status disclosure in Southwest Ethiopia among HIV positive service users.
A cross-sectional study was carried out from January 15, 2007 to March 15, 2007 in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire.
A total of 705 people (353 women and 352 men), participated in the study of which 71.6% were taking ART. The vast majority (94.5%) disclosed their result to at least one person and 90.8% disclosed to their current main partner. However, 14.2% of disclosure was delayed and 20.6% did not know their partner's HIV status. Among those who did not disclose, 54% stated their reason as fear of negative reaction from their partner. Among those disclosures however, only 5% reported any negative reaction from the partner. Most (80.3%) reported that their partners reacted supportively to disclosure of HIV status. Disclosure of HIV results to a sexual partner was associated with knowing the partner's HIV status, advanced disease stage, low negative self-image, residing in the same house with partner, and discussion about HIV testing prior to seeking services.
Although the majority of participants disclosed their test results, lack of disclosure by a minority resulted in a limited ability to engage in preventive behaviors and to access support. In addition, a considerable proportion of the participants did not know their partner's HIV status. Programmatic and counseling efforts should focus on mutual disclosure of HIV test results, by encouraging individuals to ask their partner's HIV status in addition to disclosing their own.
向性伴侣披露艾滋病毒检测结果能使伴侣采取预防行为，并获得应对血清学状态或疾病所需的支持。这可能促使伴侣寻求检测或改变行为，最终减少艾滋病毒的传播。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西南部艾滋病毒阳性服务使用者中艾滋病毒阳性状态披露的比例、结果及相关因素。
2007年1月15日至2007年3月15日在吉姆马大学专科医院开展了一项横断面研究。使用预先测试的访谈员管理的结构化问卷收集数据。
共有705人（353名女性和352名男性）参与研究，其中71.6%正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。绝大多数（94.5%）向至少一人披露了检测结果，90.8%向其当前的主要伴侣披露了结果。然而，14.2%的披露出现延迟，20.6%不知道其伴侣的艾滋病毒状态。在未披露的人中，54%表示原因是担心伴侣有负面反应。然而，在那些披露的人中，只有5%报告伴侣有任何负面反应。大多数（80.3%）报告其伴侣对艾滋病毒状态的披露反应积极。向性伴侣披露艾滋病毒检测结果与了解伴侣的艾滋病毒状态、疾病晚期、低消极自我形象、与伴侣同住以及在寻求服务之前讨论艾滋病毒检测有关。
尽管大多数参与者披露了检测结果，但少数人未披露导致采取预防行为和获得支持的能力有限。此外，相当一部分参与者不知道其伴侣的艾滋病毒状态。规划和咨询工作应侧重于艾滋病毒检测结果的相互披露，鼓励个人在披露自己的同时询问伴侣的艾滋病毒状态。
