Nogueira Mark, Kim Hyung L
Department of Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Urol Oncol. 2008 Mar-Apr;26(2):113-24. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.03.028. Epub 2007 Nov 7.
Metastatic or recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) carries a poor prognosis and long term survival is rare. However, many small RCCs that are incidentally discovered have an indolent course even without treatment. The variability in clinical outcome is a reflection of the underlying tumor biology. Currently, clinical variables such as tumor stage and histologic grade are widely accepted surrogates for tumor-specific cellular and molecular processes. Ongoing advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have produced an expanding list of molecular markers for predicting prognosis. We review expression array studies evaluating molecular signatures for predicting prognosis in patients with RCC and describe specific prognostic markers that have been validated in at least 50 cases of RCC.
转移性或复发性肾细胞癌（RCC）预后较差，长期生存罕见。然而，许多偶然发现的小RCC即使未经治疗也具有惰性病程。临床结局的变异性反映了潜在的肿瘤生物学特性。目前，诸如肿瘤分期和组织学分级等临床变量是肿瘤特异性细胞和分子过程广泛接受的替代指标。基因组和蛋白质组技术的不断进步产生了越来越多用于预测预后的分子标志物。我们综述了评估RCC患者预后分子特征的表达阵列研究，并描述了至少在50例RCC中得到验证的特定预后标志物。
