Estis Julie M, Coblentz Joana K, Moore Robert E
Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
J Voice. 2009 Jul;23(4):439-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.10.001. Epub 2008 Mar 7.
Trained singers (TS) generally demonstrate accurate pitch matching, but this ability varies within the general population. Pitch-matching accuracy, given increasing silence intervals of 5, 15, and 25 seconds between target tones and vocal matches, was investigated in TS and untrained individuals. A relationship between pitch discrimination and pitch matching was also examined. Thirty-two females (20-30 years) were grouped based on individual vocal training and performance in an immediate pitch-matching task. Participants matched target pitches following time delays, and completed a pitch discrimination task, which required the classification of two tones as same or different. TS and untrained accurate participants performed comparably on all pitch-matching tasks, while untrained inaccurate participants performed significantly less accurately than the other two groups. Performances declined across groups as intervals of silence increased, suggesting degradation of pitch matching as pitch memory was taxed. A significant relationship between pitch discrimination and pitch matching was revealed across participants.
训练有素的歌手（TS）通常表现出准确的音高匹配能力，但这种能力在普通人群中存在差异。在TS和未受过训练的个体中，研究了在目标音调和发声匹配之间的静音间隔分别增加到5秒、15秒和25秒时的音高匹配准确性。还研究了音高辨别与音高匹配之间的关系。32名女性（年龄在20至30岁之间）根据个人声乐训练情况以及在即时音高匹配任务中的表现进行分组。参与者在经过时间延迟后匹配目标音高，并完成一项音高辨别任务，该任务要求将两个音调分类为相同或不同。TS组和未受过训练但表现准确的参与者在所有音高匹配任务中的表现相当，而未受过训练且表现不准确的参与者的表现明显不如其他两组。随着静音间隔的增加，各组的表现均有所下降，这表明随着音高记忆负担加重，音高匹配能力会下降。在所有参与者中，音高辨别与音高匹配之间存在显著关系。
