Mokranjac Dejana, Neupert Walter
Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
Methods Mol Biol. 2007;372:277-86. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-365-3_20.
Import of proteins into mitochondria is a pivotal process in the biogenesis of mitochondria. Only about 1% of the 1000-2000 different proteins constituting the mitochondrion are encoded in the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). All others are specified by nuclear genes. They are translated in the cytosol and released from ribosomes as precursor proteins, which are then translocated into the various mitochondrial subcompartments. In the past, a variety of methods has been developed to study the process of import. An important tool is the use of in vitro import systems using isolated mitochondria and precursor proteins synthesized in cell-free systems. Together with the use of genetic and biochemical methods, this led to the identification of several translocation machineries consisting of a large number of components.
蛋白质导入线粒体是线粒体生物合成中的一个关键过程。构成线粒体的1000 - 2000种不同蛋白质中，只有约1%是由线粒体脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）编码的。所有其他蛋白质都由核基因指定。它们在细胞质中翻译，并以前体蛋白的形式从核糖体释放出来，然后被转运到线粒体的各个亚区室。过去，已经开发了多种方法来研究导入过程。一个重要的工具是使用体外导入系统，该系统使用分离的线粒体和在无细胞系统中合成的前体蛋白。结合遗传和生化方法的使用，这导致了几种由大量成分组成的转运机制的鉴定。
