Parish James M, Blair Janis E
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Mar;83(3):343-48; quiz 348-9. doi: 10.4065/83.3.343.
Coccidioidomycosis is a common infectious disease in the southwestern United States. Although Coccidioides species are not endemic in other areas of the country, the rapid population growth in the southwestern United States in recent decades and the increase in tourism mean that many people travel to the Southwest and return home before developing the clinical syndrome of coccidioidomycosis. In this respect, coccidioidomycosis is a disease of national importance. It can occur in various manifestations: acute pneumonia, chronic progressive pneumonia, pulmonary nodules and cavities, extrapulmonary nonmeningeal disease, and meningitis. The diagnosis is often made on the basis of serologic findings. Treatment is usually with an azole or amphotericin B, depending on the clinical manifestations and the immune status of the host. We discuss the most common clinical manifestations, the best way to make the diagnosis, and the treatment of common infections.
球孢子菌病是美国西南部一种常见的传染病。尽管球孢子菌属在美国其他地区并非地方病，但近几十年来美国西南部人口的快速增长以及旅游业的发展意味着许多人前往西南部，在出现球孢子菌病临床综合征之前就返回家乡。在这方面，球孢子菌病是一种具有全国重要性的疾病。它可表现为多种形式：急性肺炎、慢性进行性肺炎、肺结节和空洞、肺外非脑膜疾病以及脑膜炎。诊断通常基于血清学检查结果。治疗通常根据临床表现和宿主的免疫状态使用唑类药物或两性霉素B。我们讨论了最常见的临床表现、最佳诊断方法以及常见感染的治疗。
