Winterholler C
Staatliche Berufsfachschule für Logopädie an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen.
Pneumologie. 2008 Mar;62 Suppl 1:S35-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1038100.
Dysphagia is a risk factor for pneumonia in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD). The management of dysphagia influences respiratory complications and prognosis in NMD. Early symptoms of dysphagia are often discrete. There may be symptoms like change of voice ("wet voice") or dyspnea following a meal, or weight loss. Fiberoptic flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and videofluoroscopy are important diagnostic tools in the work-up of dysphagia. FEES should be performed with different nourishments like fluid (water), pulp, normal meal and dry cookies. The therapy for swallowing dysfunction in patients with NMD should be performed by experienced speech therapists in an interdisciplinary setting with regard to the fatiguability of the orophyryngeal muscles. Therapy should focus on adaptive procedures and safe, adapted nourishment.
吞咽困难是神经肌肉疾病（NMD）患者发生肺炎的危险因素。吞咽困难的管理会影响NMD患者的呼吸并发症和预后。吞咽困难的早期症状往往不明显。可能会出现诸如声音改变（“湿声”）、餐后呼吸困难或体重减轻等症状。纤维光学软性内镜吞咽功能评估（FEES）和电视荧光吞咽造影是吞咽困难检查中的重要诊断工具。FEES应使用不同的食物进行，如液体（水）、果泥、正常餐食和干饼干。NMD患者吞咽功能障碍的治疗应由经验丰富的言语治疗师在跨学科环境中进行，同时考虑口咽肌肉的易疲劳性。治疗应侧重于适应性程序和安全、合适的营养摄入。
