Cardona Doris, Agudelo Héctor Byron
Grupo de Investigación Demografía y Salud, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2007 Sep;27(3):352-63.
The death of an adult affects the family as well as the adults role in its labor and social environment. In developing countries, the load of diseases and associated trauma continues to increase and place increasing demands for the intervention by public health authorities.
Trends of mortality were determined for adults of 20 to 64 years in Medellín, Colombia, between 1994 and 2003 according to sex.
A retrospective, longitudinal study was undertaken that analyzed trends in mortality rates. A secondary data source consisted of death certificates recorded at the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (National Department of Statistics) during the decade 1994-2003.
The rate average of mortality for the decade was 497 deaths per 1000 habitants. Men displayed a risk of dying of 3.5 (95%CI: 2.0-6.0) times that of women. Approximately 59% of the deaths had external causes (i.e., not related to illness or old age). Twenty-nine percent of the female deaths were due to tumors; this trend was positive throughout the decade. The 5 most important causes of mortality were as follows: aggressive behaviors, heart disease, traffic accidents, malignant tumors and pulmonary disease. The trend in deaths due to by external causes was negative, but positive for the deaths due to acute myocardial infarctions (mainly in the 45 to 64 year population) and HIV in young adults. An increasing trend in malignant breast cancer was observed in young adult women, but remained constant in the 45 to 64 year-old female population.
Mortality in the adult population differs by sex and age. The younger male population is more at risk than women as a consequence of environmental factors in early life. In later life, women are more strongly affected by increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease and malignant tumors. The increased levels of mortality at all age levels represent a problem that generates a high human and economic cost.
成年人的死亡不仅会影响家庭，还会影响其在劳动和社会环境中的角色。在发展中国家，疾病负担和相关创伤持续增加，对公共卫生当局的干预需求也日益增长。
确定1994年至2003年间哥伦比亚麦德林市20至64岁成年人按性别划分的死亡率趋势。
开展了一项回顾性纵向研究，分析死亡率趋势。二级数据来源为1994 - 2003年十年间国家统计局记录的死亡证明。
该十年的平均死亡率为每1000名居民中有497人死亡。男性的死亡风险是女性的3.5倍（95%置信区间：2.0 - 6.0）。约59%的死亡由外部原因导致（即与疾病或老年无关）。29%的女性死亡归因于肿瘤；这一趋势在整个十年中呈上升态势。最重要的5个死亡原因如下：攻击性行为、心脏病、交通事故、恶性肿瘤和肺部疾病。由外部原因导致的死亡趋势呈下降，但急性心肌梗死（主要在45至64岁人群中）和年轻人中的艾滋病毒感染导致的死亡呈上升趋势。在年轻成年女性中观察到乳腺恶性肿瘤呈上升趋势，但在45至64岁女性人群中保持稳定。
成年人口的死亡率因性别和年龄而异。由于早年的环境因素，年轻男性人口比女性面临更高风险。在晚年，女性受心血管疾病和恶性肿瘤发病率上升的影响更大。所有年龄段死亡率的上升是一个带来高昂人力和经济成本的问题。
