Al Khaja Khalid A J, Sequeira Reginald P, Damanhori Awatif H H, Ismaeel Abdulrahman Y, Handu Shailendra S
College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Kingdom of Bahrain.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008 Apr;17(4):389-96. doi: 10.1002/pds.1572.
To evaluate antimicrobial prescribing pattern by primary care physicians.
A nation-wide, retrospective, multi-centric prescription-audit was carried out in primary care health centres in Bahrain.
Systemic antimicrobials ranked the fourth most common class of drugs prescribed. Amoxycillin, cephalexin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole were prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) more often than by family physicians (FPs) (p < 0.05). With respect to prescribing of other antimicrobials and anthelmintic mebendazole, the differences between GPs and FPs were nonsignificant. Seventy-seven per cent of systemic antimicrobials prescribed were for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Topical antimicrobial preparations for ear and eye infections were prescribed by GPs in a rate significantly higher than by FPs (p < 0.05); of these, chloramphenicol and Locacorten vioform (flumethasone + clioquinol) ear drops and sulphacetamide eye drops were more often prescribed by GPs (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in prescribing between GPs and FPs as regards topical antimicrobials used for oropharyngeal, skin and vulvovaginal infections.
Antimicrobials were extensively used in primary care, mainly for treating RTIs. The general practitioners were more avid prescribers of antimicrobials compared to the FPs. Rational use of antimicrobials in primary care should be encouraged and the reasons for the observed differences in prescribing of antimicrobials between the GPs and FPs need further evaluation.
评估初级保健医生的抗菌药物处方模式。
在巴林的初级保健健康中心开展了一项全国性、回顾性、多中心的处方审核。
全身性抗菌药物位列处方量第四常见的药物类别。全科医生（GPs）开具阿莫西林、头孢氨苄、红霉素、环丙沙星和复方新诺明的频率高于家庭医生（FPs）（p < 0.05）。在其他抗菌药物和驱虫药甲苯达唑的处方方面，全科医生和家庭医生之间的差异不显著。所开具的全身性抗菌药物中有77%用于呼吸道感染（RTIs）。全科医生开具用于耳部和眼部感染的局部抗菌制剂的比例显著高于家庭医生（p < 0.05）；其中，氯霉素和氯倍他索氯碘羟喹（氟米松+氯碘羟喹）耳滴剂以及磺胺醋酰眼药水更常由全科医生开具（p < 0.05）。在用于口咽、皮肤和外阴阴道感染的局部抗菌药物处方方面，全科医生和家庭医生之间没有显著差异。
抗菌药物在初级保健中被广泛使用，主要用于治疗呼吸道感染。与家庭医生相比，全科医生是更积极的抗菌药物开方者。应鼓励在初级保健中合理使用抗菌药物，并且全科医生和家庭医生在抗菌药物处方方面观察到的差异原因需要进一步评估。
