Tulving E, Hayman C A, Macdonald C A
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1991 Jul;17(4):595-617. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.17.4.595.
An investigation of perceptual priming and semantic learning in the severely amnesic subject K.C. is reported. He was taught 64 three-word sentences and tested for his ability to produce the final word of each sentence. Despite a total lack of episodic memory, he exhibited (a) strong perceptual priming effects in word-fragment completion, which were retained essentially in full strength for 12 months, and (b) independent of perceptual priming, learning of new semantic facts, many of which were also retained for 12 months. K.C.'s semantic learning may be at least partly attributable to repeated study trials and minimal interference during learning. The findings suggest that perceptual priming and semantic learning are subserved by two memory systems different from episodic memory and that both systems (perceptual representation and semantic memory) are at least partially preserved in some amnesic subjects.
本文报告了对严重失忆患者K.C.的知觉启动和语义学习的调查。他学习了64个三字句子，并接受测试以检验他说出每个句子最后一个单词的能力。尽管他完全缺乏情景记忆，但他表现出：(a) 在单词片段补全任务中存在强烈的知觉启动效应，这种效应在12个月内基本保持完整；(b) 独立于知觉启动之外，他还能学习新的语义事实，其中许多语义事实也能保持12个月。K.C.的语义学习至少部分归因于学习过程中的重复学习试验和最小干扰。研究结果表明，知觉启动和语义学习由两个不同于情景记忆的记忆系统支持，并且这两个系统（知觉表征和语义记忆）在一些失忆患者中至少部分得以保留。
