Samson S, Zatorre R J
Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Quebec, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1991 Jul;17(4):793-804. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.17.4.793.
The role of left and right temporal lobes in memory for songs (words sung to a tune) was investigated. Patients who had undergone focal cerebral excision for the relief of intractable epilepsy along with normal control subjects were tested in 2 recognition memory tasks. The goal of Experiment 1 was to examine recognition of words and of tunes when they were presented together in an unfamiliar song. In Experiment 2, memory for spoken words and tunes sung without words was independently tested in 2 separate recognition tasks. The results clearly showed (a) a deficit after left temporal lobectomy in recognition of text whether sung to a tune or spoken without musical accompaniment, (b) impaired melody recognition when the tune was sung with new words following left or right temporal lobectomy and (c) impaired melody recognition in the absence of lyrics following right but not left temporal lobectomy. The different role of each temporal lobe in memorizing songs provides evidence for the use of dual memory codes. The verbal code is consistently related to left temporal lobe structures, whereas the melodie code my depend on either or both temporal lobe mechanisms, according to the type of encoding involved.
研究了左右颞叶在歌曲（按曲调演唱的歌词）记忆中的作用。对因缓解顽固性癫痫而接受局灶性脑切除的患者以及正常对照受试者进行了两项识别记忆任务测试。实验1的目的是检验在一首不熟悉的歌曲中同时呈现单词和曲调时的识别情况。在实验2中，分别在两项单独的识别任务中独立测试了对口语单词和无歌词演唱的曲调的记忆。结果清楚地表明：（a）左颞叶切除术后，无论是按曲调演唱还是无音乐伴奏的口语，对文本的识别都存在缺陷；（b）左或右颞叶切除术后，当用新单词演唱曲调时，旋律识别受损；（c）右颞叶切除术后但左颞叶切除术后无歌词时，旋律识别受损。每个颞叶在记忆歌曲中的不同作用为双重记忆编码的运用提供了证据。言语编码始终与左颞叶结构相关，而旋律编码可能取决于颞叶机制中的一种或两种，这取决于所涉及的编码类型。
