Kanerva L, Laine R, Jolanki R, Tarvainen K, Estlander T, Helander I
Section of Dermatology, Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Contact Dermatitis. 1991 May;24(5):356-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01750.x.
Irritant contact dermatitis caused by occupational contact with nitroglycerin has been known since the end of the last century. Nitroglycerin is an allergen, and the transdermal drug delivery systems for nitroglycerin recently used to treat angina pectoris have sensitized. 4 patients with allergic contact dermatitis caused by nitroglycerin from explosives are described, and 1 patient who was sensitized by transdermal nitroplaster. On patch testing, dynamite and/or the explosive components nitroglycerin, ethylene glycol dinitrate and dinitrotoluene gave allergic reactions. The following concentrations and vehicles are suggested for patch testing: nitroglycerin 0.5-2% pet., dinitrotoluene and ethylene glycol dinitrate 0.1-0.5% pet. Persons exposed to nitroglycerin at work should try to avoid skin contact by using protective gloves. It is advisable that those who have become allergic to nitroglycerin should wear disposable protective gloves when handling explosives.
自上世纪末以来，人们就知道职业接触硝酸甘油会引起刺激性接触性皮炎。硝酸甘油是一种过敏原，最近用于治疗心绞痛的硝酸甘油透皮给药系统已导致过敏。本文描述了4例因接触炸药中的硝酸甘油而引起过敏性接触性皮炎的患者，以及1例因硝酸甘油透皮贴剂致敏的患者。斑贴试验显示，炸药和/或炸药成分硝酸甘油、乙二醇二硝酸酯和二硝基甲苯会引起过敏反应。建议斑贴试验使用以下浓度和赋形剂：硝酸甘油0.5 - 2% 凡士林，二硝基甲苯和乙二醇二硝酸酯0.1 - 0.5% 凡士林。工作中接触硝酸甘油的人应使用防护手套，尽量避免皮肤接触。对硝酸甘油过敏的人在处理炸药时应佩戴一次性防护手套。
