Ohlmeier Martin D, Peters Karsten, Te Wildt Bert T, Zedler Markus, Ziegenbein Marc, Wiese Birgitt, Emrich Hinderk M, Schneider Udo
Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 May-Jun;43(3):300-4. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agn014. Epub 2008 Mar 7.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is of great clinical importance not only because of its high prevalence but also due to the frequent comorbid illnesses that are connected with this disorder. Several studies were able to demonstrate that ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the exacerbation of habit-forming illnesses, i.e. addictions.
We conducted a study on 152 adult patients with alcohol dependence (n = 91) or multiple substance addiction (n = 61) to determine whether or not these patients were affected by ADHD. For retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD, the WURS-k was used as well as the DSM-IV symptom checklist for ADHD. The CAARS was used to assess the persisting symptoms of ADHD in adults.
20.9% (WURS-k) or 23.1% (DSM-IV diagnostic criteria) of the alcohol-dependent patients showed evidence of retrospective ADHD affliction in childhood. With the help of CAARS, ADHD was proved to be persistent in 33.3% of the adult patients. In the group of substance-addicted patients 50.8% (WURS-k) and 54.1% (DSM-IV) presented with diagnostic criteria for ADHD in childhood and 65.5% (CAARS) showed evidence of ADHD persisting in adulthood.
These results reveal that habit-forming illnesses can be associated with a high comorbidity with ADHD, expressed in the form of alcohol abuse and also in consumption of illegal drugs. The results underline the great importance of early and adequate diagnostics and therapy of ADHD for the prevention of habit-forming illnesses.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）具有重大临床意义，不仅因其高患病率，还因其常伴有与此疾病相关的共病。多项研究表明，ADHD是成瘾性疾病（即成瘾）恶化的一个重要风险因素。
我们对152名成年酒精依赖患者（n = 91）或多种物质成瘾患者（n = 61）进行了一项研究，以确定这些患者是否患有ADHD。对于儿童期ADHD的回顾性评估，使用了WURS-k以及ADHD的DSM-IV症状清单。CAARS用于评估成人ADHD的持续症状。
20.9%（WURS-k）或23.1%（DSM-IV诊断标准）的酒精依赖患者有儿童期患ADHD的回顾性证据。借助CAARS，33.3%的成年患者被证明患有持续性ADHD。在物质成瘾患者组中，50.8%（WURS-k）和54.1%（DSM-IV）在儿童期符合ADHD诊断标准，65.5%（CAARS）有ADHD持续至成年期的证据。
这些结果表明，成瘾性疾病可能与ADHD高度共病，表现为酒精滥用以及非法药物使用。结果强调了对ADHD进行早期和充分诊断及治疗对预防成瘾性疾病的重要性。
