Du Huaidong, van der A Daphne L, van Bakel Marit M E, van der Kallen Carla J H, Blaak Ellen E, van Greevenbroek Marleen M J, Jansen Eugène H J M, Nijpels Giel, Stehouwer Coen D A, Dekker Jacqueline M, Feskens Edith J M
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar;87(3):655-61. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.3.655.
Previous studies on the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) reported inconsistent findings on their association with metabolic risk factors. This may partly have been due to differences in underlying dietary patterns.
We aimed to examine the association of GI and GL with food and nutrient intake and with metabolic risk factors including blood glucose, insulin, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP).
The study entailed cross-sectional analyses of data from 2 joint observational studies, the CoDAM Study and the Hoorn Study.
In total, 974 subjects aged 42-87 y were included in the study. The mean (+/-SD) GI was 57 +/- 4 and the mean GL was 130 +/- 39. Dairy products, potatoes and other tubers, cereal products, and fruit were the main predictive food groups for GI. GL was closely correlated with intake of total carbohydrates (r(s) = 0.97), which explained >95% of the variation in GL. After adjustment for potential confounders, GI was significantly inversely associated with HDL cholesterol and positively associated with fasting insulin, the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance, the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, and CRP. No association was observed between GL and any of the metabolic risk factors, except for a borderline significant positive association with CRP.
In this population, a low-GI diet, which is high in dairy and fruit but low in potatoes and cereals, is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and reduced chronic inflammation. GL is highly correlated with carbohydrate intake and is not clearly associated with the investigated metabolic risk factors.
先前关于血糖生成指数（GI）和血糖负荷（GL）与代谢危险因素之间关联的研究结果并不一致。这可能部分归因于潜在饮食模式的差异。
我们旨在研究GI和GL与食物及营养素摄入量以及与包括血糖、胰岛素、血脂和高敏C反应蛋白（CRP）在内的代谢危险因素之间的关联。
该研究对两项联合观察性研究（CoDAM研究和霍恩研究）的数据进行了横断面分析。
该研究共纳入了974名年龄在42 - 87岁的受试者。平均（±标准差）GI为57±4，平均GL为130±39。乳制品、土豆及其他块茎类、谷物制品和水果是GI的主要预测食物类别。GL与总碳水化合物摄入量密切相关（r(s)=0.97），这解释了GL中>95%的变异。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，GI与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著负相关，与空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估指数、总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇之比以及CRP呈正相关。除了与CRP有边缘显著的正相关外，未观察到GL与任何代谢危险因素之间存在关联。
在该人群中，低GI饮食，即富含乳制品和水果但土豆和谷物含量低的饮食，与胰岛素敏感性和脂质代谢改善以及慢性炎症减轻相关。GL与碳水化合物摄入量高度相关，且与所研究的代谢危险因素无明显关联。
