Millikin S P, Matzke G R, Keane W F
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7360.
Perit Dial Int. 1991;11(3):252-60.
A multitude of therapeutic regimens have been proposed for the management of peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). There are, however, few clinical trials that have evaluated the efficacy of these proposed regimens in a prospective, comparative fashion. This retrospective report is a tabulation of the published data on antimicrobial treatment of CAPD-related peritonitis. The results are presented for combination and mono-drug therapies; Gram-positive bacterial, Gram-negative bacterial and fungal infections; intravenous, oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes of drug administration; various dosages and dosing intervals; and clinical response and relapse rates. The apparent optimal combination regimen for empiric treatment of peritonitis is vancomycin administered in 1 dialysis exchange/week with ceftazidime. This regimen avoids the toxicity associated with the use of aminoglycosides while maintaining effectiveness.
针对与持续性非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）相关的腹膜炎的治疗，已提出了多种治疗方案。然而，很少有临床试验以前瞻性、比较性的方式评估这些方案的疗效。本回顾性报告是关于CAPD相关性腹膜炎抗菌治疗的已发表数据的列表。给出了联合治疗和单药治疗的结果；革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和真菌感染的结果；静脉、口服和腹腔内（i.p.）给药途径的结果；各种剂量和给药间隔的结果；以及临床反应和复发率。腹膜炎经验性治疗的明显最佳联合方案是每周在1次透析换液时给予万古霉素和头孢他啶。该方案在保持有效性的同时避免了与使用氨基糖苷类药物相关的毒性。
