Sofuoglu Sait C, Kavcar Pinar
Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Research Center, Gülbahçe, Urla 35430 Izmir, Turkey.
J Hazard Mater. 2008 Oct 30;158(2-3):392-400. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.086. Epub 2008 Feb 6.
Exposure and associated health risks for fluoride and trace metals in black tea were estimated. Fifty participants were randomly recruited to supply samples from the tea that they drink, and self-administer a questionnaire that inquired about personal characteristics and daily tea intake. Analyzed trace metals included aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, strontium, and zinc. Fluoride and four metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Ni) were detected in all samples while barium was detected only in one sample. The remaining metals were detected in >60% of the samples. Fluoride and aluminum levels in instant tea bag samples were greater than in loose tea samples (p<0.05) while the differences in elemental concentrations of loose and pot bag tea samples were not significant. Median and 90th percentile daily tea intake rates were estimated as 0.35 and 1.1l/day, respectively. Neither fluoride nor aluminum levels in black tea were found to associate with considerable risks of fluorosis and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. However, carcinogenic risk levels for arsenic were high; R>1.0 x 10(-6) even at the median level. According to sensitivity analysis, daily tea intake was the most influencing variable to the risk except for arsenic for which the concentration distribution was of more importance.
对红茶中氟化物和痕量金属的暴露情况及相关健康风险进行了评估。随机招募了50名参与者，让他们提供所饮用茶叶的样本，并自行填写一份询问个人特征和每日茶叶摄入量的问卷。分析的痕量金属包括铝、砷、钡、镉、钴、铬、铜、锰、镍、锶和锌。所有样本中均检测到氟化物和四种金属（铝、铬、锰、镍），而钡仅在一个样本中被检测到。其余金属在超过60%的样本中被检测到。速溶茶包样本中的氟化物和铝含量高于散茶样本（p<0.05），而散茶和袋泡茶样本的元素浓度差异不显著。估计每日茶叶摄入量的中位数和第90百分位数分别为0.35升/天和1.1升/天。红茶中的氟化物和铝含量均未分别与氟斑牙和阿尔茨海默病的显著风险相关。然而，砷的致癌风险水平较高；即使处于中位数水平，R>1.0×10(-6)。根据敏感性分析，除砷外，每日茶叶摄入量是对风险影响最大的变量，对于砷而言，浓度分布更为重要。
