Brushøj Christoffer, Larsen Klaus, Albrecht-Beste Elisabeth, Nielsen Michael Bachmann, Løye Finn, Hölmich Per
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amager Hospital, Italiensvej1, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark.
Am J Sports Med. 2008 Apr;36(4):663-70. doi: 10.1177/0363546508315469. Epub 2008 Mar 12.
It is unknown whether an exercise program can prevent overuse injuries in the lower extremity. An often encountered and important risk factor for the development of lower extremity overuse injuries is an abrupt increase in activity level.
A preventive training program based on a literature review of intrinsic risk factors, and performed concurrent with an increase in physical activity, can reduce the incidence of overuse knee injuries and medial tibial stress syndrome, as well as increase running distance.
Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.
A total of 1020 soldiers aged 20.9 years (range, 19-26 years) undergoing 3 months of basic military training consecutively enrolled from December 2004 to December 2005. The prevention program consisted of an exercise program of 15 minutes' duration 3 times a week, including 5 exercises for strength, flexibility, and coordination; the placebo program consisted of 5 exercises for the upper body.
During the observation period, 223 subjects sustained an injury, with 50 and 48 of these fulfilling the study criteria for overuse knee injuries or medial tibial stress syndrome, respectively. There were no significant differences in incidence of injury between the prevention group and the placebo group (incidence, 0.22 vs 0.19; P = .162; relative risk = 1.05 [range, 0.98-1.11]). The soldiers in the prevention group had the greater improvement in running distance in 12-minute run tests (82 vs 43 m; P = .037).
An exercise program with an emphasis on muscular strengthening, coordination, and flexibility based on intrinsic risk factors identified through a literature review did not influence the risk of developing overuse knee injuries or medial tibial stress syndrome in subjects undergoing an increase in physical activity. The program increased maximal running distance in a 12-minute test.
尚不清楚运动计划能否预防下肢过度使用损伤。下肢过度使用损伤发生的一个常见且重要的风险因素是活动水平突然增加。
基于对内在风险因素的文献综述并与体力活动增加同时进行的预防性训练计划，可降低过度使用性膝伤和胫骨内侧应力综合征的发生率，并增加跑步距离。
随机对照试验；证据等级，1级。
从2004年12月至2005年12月，连续招募了1020名年龄为20.9岁（范围19 - 26岁）的士兵，他们正在接受为期3个月的基础军事训练。预防计划包括每周3次、每次持续15分钟的运动计划，包括5项针对力量、柔韧性和协调性的练习；安慰剂计划包括5项针对上身的练习。
在观察期内，223名受试者受伤，其中分别有50名和48名符合过度使用性膝伤或胫骨内侧应力综合征的研究标准。预防组和安慰剂组之间的损伤发生率无显著差异（发生率分别为0.22和0.19；P = 0.162；相对风险 = 1.05[范围0.98 - 1.11]）。预防组士兵在12分钟跑步测试中的跑步距离改善更大（82米对43米；P = 0.037）。
基于通过文献综述确定的内在风险因素、强调肌肉强化、协调性和柔韧性的运动计划，对体力活动增加的受试者发生过度使用性膝伤或胫骨内侧应力综合征的风险没有影响。该计划在12分钟测试中增加了最大跑步距离。
