Ishida H, Watanabe S, Yanagawa H, Kawasaki M, Kobayashi Y, Amano Y
Department of Rehabilitation, Shukumo Clinic, Okayama, Japan.
Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 2008 Jan-Feb;48(1):53-61.
The spinal orthosis, the so-called rucksack type orthosis (RO), has been used to relieve low back pain and fatigue during prolonged standing and walking for the elderly with spinal deformities. However, little is known about the RO's kinematical effects. Twenty-three elderly (78.9 +/- 6.9 years old) participated in experiment 1, and 13 elderly (78.4 +/- 7.9 years old) in experiment 2. They had decreased lumbar lordosis or lumbar kyphosis. In experiment 1, using the "Spinal Mouse", which can measure spinal curvature, the effects of the RO on posture during standing were investigated. In experiment 2, using electromyography, the effects of the RO on muscle activity during standing and walking were clarified. Lumbar curvature and the trunk angle of inclination during standing improved significantly when the RO was used. Back extensor muscle activities (T9, L3, and L5) during standing and walking decreased significantly when the RO was used. There were no significant differences in the activities of the upper trapezius and vastus lateralis during standing and walking. The present study suggests that the elderly with lumbar deformities might be able to stand and walk more efficiently with the RO. The RO could prove to be valuable in preservation therapy for the elderly with decreased lumbar lordosis or lumbar kyphosis.
脊柱矫形器，即所谓的背包式矫形器（RO），已被用于缓解患有脊柱畸形的老年人长时间站立和行走时的腰痛和疲劳。然而，关于RO的运动学效果却知之甚少。23名老年人（78.9±6.9岁）参与了实验1，13名老年人（78.4±7.9岁）参与了实验2。他们存在腰椎前凸减少或腰椎后凸的情况。在实验1中，使用能够测量脊柱曲度的“脊柱鼠标”，研究了RO对站立姿势的影响。在实验2中，使用肌电图，明确了RO对站立和行走时肌肉活动的影响。使用RO时，站立时的腰椎曲度和躯干倾斜角度有显著改善。使用RO时，站立和行走过程中背部伸肌活动（T9、L3和L5）显著降低。站立和行走过程中，斜方肌上部和股外侧肌的活动没有显著差异。本研究表明，患有腰椎畸形的老年人使用RO可能能够更高效地站立和行走。对于腰椎前凸减少或腰椎后凸的老年人，RO在保守治疗中可能具有重要价值。
