Caldwell T M, Rodgers B, Clark C, Jefferis B J M H, Stansfeld S A, Power C
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Jun 1;95(3):269-78. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.014. Epub 2008 Mar 12.
Research suggests that outcomes associated with drinking may differ depending upon patterns of consumption, drinking related symptoms and social problems. This paper investigated socioeconomic predictors (measuring multiple indices, period and consistency of disadvantage) of midlife drinking patterns.
Socioeconomic information from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study (n=9146) included: manual socioeconomic position and owner/buyer residential tenure (7, 11, 16, 33 and 42 y), and educational attainment (33 y). At 45 y, the overlap between drinking patterns was explored using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Patterns included: 'Moderate-binge' (binge drinkers with low-problem scores, consuming within UK sensible drinking weekly guidelines); Low-Problem Heavy (LPH) drinkers (regardless of binge); 'Problem' (and heavy or binge) and 'Non-/occasional' (< or =monthly) drinkers. These categories were compared to 'Low-risk' drinkers.
Socioeconomic disadvantage was consistently associated with moderate-binge, non-/occasional and problem but not LPH drinking. The highest risk was associated with multiple and persistent disadvantage across childhood and adulthood; this risk was partially accounted for education. Non-/occasional and moderate-binge drinking was predicted by disadvantage during childhood alone. The socioeconomic disadvantage of non-/occasional drinkers was not explained by past problem or heavy drinking.
Socioeconomic disadvantage across the lifecourse was consistently linked to specific drinking patterns. Furthermore, associations linking socioeconomic disadvantage with drinking patterns will typically be underestimated if multiple and persistent disadvantage is not investigated. The role of persistent socioeconomic disadvantage in the poor health of non-drinkers and moderate-binge drinkers needs investigation. The findings support current initiatives targeting the reduction of social and individual costs associated with specific drinking patterns.
研究表明，与饮酒相关的结果可能因饮酒模式、饮酒相关症状和社会问题而有所不同。本文调查了中年饮酒模式的社会经济预测因素（测量多种不利因素指数、时期和一致性）。
1958年英国出生队列研究（n = 9146）的社会经济信息包括：体力劳动者社会经济地位以及自有/购买住房 tenure（7、11、16、33和42岁时），以及教育程度（33岁时）。在45岁时，使用酒精使用障碍识别测试探索饮酒模式之间的重叠情况。模式包括：“适度暴饮”（问题得分低的暴饮者，在英国每周合理饮酒指南范围内饮酒）；低问题重度（LPH）饮酒者（无论是否暴饮）；“问题”（以及重度或暴饮）和“非/偶尔”（每月或更少）饮酒者。将这些类别与“低风险”饮酒者进行比较。
社会经济不利因素始终与适度暴饮、非/偶尔和问题饮酒相关，但与LPH饮酒无关。最高风险与童年和成年期的多重和持续不利因素相关；这种风险部分由教育因素解释。仅童年时期的不利因素可预测非/偶尔和适度暴饮饮酒。非/偶尔饮酒者的社会经济不利因素无法通过过去的问题饮酒或重度饮酒来解释。
一生的社会经济不利因素始终与特定的饮酒模式相关。此外，如果不调查多重和持续的不利因素，社会经济不利因素与饮酒模式之间的关联通常会被低估。持续的社会经济不利因素在非饮酒者和适度暴饮饮酒者健康不佳方面的作用需要进行调查。这些发现支持了当前旨在降低与特定饮酒模式相关的社会和个人成本的举措。
