From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Oct;43(10):2232-2241. doi: 10.1111/acer.14164. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
The 35-year-long San Diego Prospective Study documented 2-fold increases in alcohol problems and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in young-adult drinking offspring compared to rates in their fathers, the original probands. The current analyses use the same interviews and questionnaires at about the same age in members of the 2 generations to explore multiple potential contributors to the generational differences in adverse alcohol outcomes.
Using data from recent offspring interviews, multiple cross-generation differences in characteristics potentially related to alcohol problems were evaluated in 3 steps: first through direct comparisons across probands and offspring at about age 30; second by backward linear regression analyses of predictors of alcohol problems within each generation; and finally third through R-based bootstrapped linear regressions of differences in alcohol problems in randomly matched probands and offspring.
The analyses across the analytical approaches revealed 3 consistent predictors of higher alcohol problems in the second generation. These included the following: (i) a more robust relationship to alcohol problems for offspring with a low level of response to alcohol; (ii) higher offspring values for alcohol expectancies; and (iii) higher offspring impulsivity.
The availability of data across generations offered a unique perspective for studying characteristics that may have contributed to a general finding in the literature of substantial increases in alcohol problems and AUDs in recent generations. If replicated, these results could suggest approaches to be used by parents, healthcare workers, insurance companies, and industry in their efforts to mitigate the increasing rates of alcohol problems in younger generations.
圣迭戈前瞻性研究持续了 35 年，记录了与父辈相比，成年初期饮酒的子女出现酒精问题和酒精使用障碍（AUD）的风险增加了两倍，而父辈是最初的研究对象。目前的分析使用相同的访谈和问卷调查，在两代人中年龄大致相同的成员中进行，以探讨多种潜在因素对代际间酒精不良后果的差异的影响。
使用近期子女访谈的数据，通过 3 个步骤评估了可能与酒精问题相关的多个跨代特征的差异：首先，通过对大约 30 岁的先证者和子女进行直接比较；其次，通过对每个代际内酒精问题的预测因素进行向后线性回归分析；最后，通过基于 R 的随机匹配先证者和子女之间差异的 bootstrapped 线性回归进行分析。
通过分析方法的综合分析，发现了第二代中酒精问题更高的 3 个一致预测因素。这些因素包括：（i）对酒精反应较低的子女与酒精问题的关系更紧密；（ii）子女对酒精期望的价值更高；以及（iii）子女冲动性更高。
跨代数据的可用性为研究可能导致文献中最近几代酒精问题和 AUD 大量增加的特征提供了独特的视角。如果得到复制，这些结果可能表明父母、医疗保健工作者、保险公司和行业可以采取一些方法来减轻年轻一代中酒精问题日益增加的风险。
