Okano Hideyuki, Sawamoto Kazunobu
Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008 Jun 27;363(1500):2111-22. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.2264.
Recent advances in stem cell research, including the selective expansion of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro, the induction of particular neural cells from embryonic stem cells in vitro, the identification of NSCs or NSC-like cells in the adult brain and the detection of neurogenesis in the adult brain (adult neurogenesis), have laid the groundwork for the development of novel therapies aimed at inducing regeneration in the damaged central nervous system (CNS). There are two major strategies for inducing regeneration in the damaged CNS: (i) activation of the endogenous regenerative capacity and (ii) cell transplantation therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from our group and others on NSCs, with respect to their role in insult-induced neurogenesis (activation of adult NSCs, proliferation of transit-amplifying cells, migration of neuroblasts and survival and maturation of the newborn neurons), and implications for therapeutic interventions, together with tactics for using cell transplantation therapy to treat the damaged CNS.
干细胞研究的最新进展，包括体外神经干细胞（NSCs）的选择性扩增、体外从胚胎干细胞诱导特定神经细胞、在成人大脑中鉴定神经干细胞或神经干细胞样细胞以及检测成人大脑中的神经发生（成体神经发生），为开发旨在诱导受损中枢神经系统（CNS）再生的新型疗法奠定了基础。在受损中枢神经系统中诱导再生有两种主要策略：（i）激活内源性再生能力和（ii）细胞移植治疗。在本综述中，我们总结了我们团队和其他团队关于神经干细胞的最新发现，包括它们在损伤诱导的神经发生中的作用（成体神经干细胞的激活、过渡扩增细胞的增殖、神经母细胞的迁移以及新生神经元的存活和成熟）、对治疗干预的影响，以及使用细胞移植治疗受损中枢神经系统的策略。
