Perona-Garcelán Salvador, Cuevas-Yust Carlos, García-Montes José M, Pérez-Alvarez Marino, Ductor-Recuerda Maria Jesús, Salas-Azcona Rosario, Gómez-Gómez Maria Teresa, Rodríguez-Martín Belén
Unidad de Rehabilitación de Salud Mental, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008 Mar;196(3):190-7. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e318165c7c1.
The purpose of this work was to study the relationship between self-focused attention and dissociative experiences in 4 groups of subjects: patients with a psychotic disorder who suffer from auditory hallucinations, patients with psychoses who have recovered from their hallucinations, patients with psychoses who have never had them, and a fourth nonclinical group. The private self-consciousness scale, revised version by Scheier and Carver, J Appl Soc Psychol. 1985;15:687-699, was used to measure self-focused attention, and the dissociative experience scale (DES-II, Bernstein and Putnam, J Nerv Ment Dis. 1986;174:727-735) was used for dissociation. The results showed that the attention of subjects with hallucinations was more self-focused than the nonclinical group, but did not differentiate significantly from groups of patients without hallucinations. On the other hand, patients with hallucinations and those recovered from them had a higher percentage of dissociative experiences than the rest of the groups in the total DES-II score and in its 3 factors, dissociative amnesia, depersonalization, and absorption. We also found a positive correlation between self-focusing and dissociative experiences in subjects with hallucinations. The depersonalization factor on the DES-II was the only factor predicting auditory hallucinations. The conclusions discuss the relevance of dissociative factors and self-focused attention to understanding the etiology of auditory hallucinations and their contributions to current cognitive models of hallucinations.
这项研究的目的是探讨4组受试者的自我关注与分离体验之间的关系：患有幻听的精神障碍患者、已从幻觉中康复的精神病患者、从未出现过幻觉的精神病患者以及第四组非临床人群。采用Scheier和Carver于1985年修订的《应用社会心理学杂志》上的私人自我意识量表来测量自我关注，并使用分离体验量表（DES-II，Bernstein和Putnam，《神经与精神疾病杂志》。1986年；174:727 - 735）来评估分离情况。结果显示，有幻觉的受试者比非临床组更关注自我，但与无幻觉的患者组相比无显著差异。另一方面，有幻觉的患者以及已从幻觉中康复的患者在DES-II总分及其三个因素（分离性遗忘、人格解体和专注）方面的分离体验百分比高于其他组。我们还发现有幻觉的受试者中自我关注与分离体验之间存在正相关。DES-II上的人格解体因素是预测幻听的唯一因素。结论讨论了分离因素和自我关注对于理解幻听病因的相关性及其对当前幻觉认知模型的贡献。
