de Haro Josep, Benítez P, Alobid I, González J A, Pascual B, Mullol J
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2008 Feb;59(2):47-51.
In the last 80 years, the presence of allergies has increased among Europeans from 0.28% to 14.2%. Allergic rhinitis is the main presentation, rising from 18% to 40% of cases. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that allergic rhinitis due to pollen and mites has an effect on the olfactory system.
We describe the impairment of olfactory function in two groups of individuals with allergic rhinitis due to mites or pollen (n = 76; 42 with allergy to pollen [48.9%], and 34 with allergy to mites [39%]), compared with a group of healthy volunteers (n = 120). Olfactory ability was measured by the BAST-24 (Barcelona Smell Test) olfactometer comprising 20 odours tested by the forced choice method to compare the levels of odour detection (knowing if there is odour in the environment), and efficacy (identifying what was smelt).
The results show firstly that people with allergic rhinitis have a clear, definitive, and significant impairment (P >.05) in olfactory levels; secondly, there is a tendency towards greater olfactory loss in the case of people with pollen-related allergic rhinitis than in those allergic to mites; and thirdly, the different odours are affected differently in the 2 groups.
We propose consideration of the study of olfactory status in the assessment of patients with allergic rhinitis.
在过去80年中，欧洲人的过敏患病率从0.28%上升至14.2%。过敏性鼻炎是主要表现形式，病例占比从18%升至40%。本研究旨在证明由花粉和螨虫引起的过敏性鼻炎会对嗅觉系统产生影响。
我们描述了两组因螨虫或花粉引起过敏性鼻炎的个体（n = 76；42人对花粉过敏[48.9%]，34人对螨虫过敏[39%]）的嗅觉功能损害情况，并与一组健康志愿者（n = 120）进行比较。嗅觉能力通过BAST - 24（巴塞罗那嗅觉测试）嗅觉计进行测量，该嗅觉计包含20种气味，采用强迫选择法进行测试，以比较气味检测水平（判断环境中是否有气味）和效能（识别闻到的是什么）。
结果首先表明，过敏性鼻炎患者在嗅觉水平上存在明显、明确且显著的损害（P >.05）；其次，与螨虫过敏患者相比，花粉相关性过敏性鼻炎患者存在更大程度嗅觉丧失的趋势；第三，两组中不同气味受到的影响不同。
我们建议在评估过敏性鼻炎患者时考虑对嗅觉状态进行研究。
