Bodensteiner John B
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Children's Health Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2008 Mar;15(1):10-20. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2008.01.003.
The pediatric neurologist is regularly asked to evaluate a hypotonic patient. This consultation request usually occurs in 2 different situations; the first is in the newborn period when the neurologist is asked to evaluate the "floppy infant," and the second is in the latter half of the first year of life and is usually accompanied by concern about the developmental progress of the infant and, in particular, the motor development of the infant. In this article, I will try to outline the factors related to the production of muscle tone in infants and children. The elements of the clinical evaluation of the hypotonic child including those clinical tests most helpful in the measurement of tone will be reviewed. A scheme for localizing the origin of the disturbance in muscle tone is presented, many of the known causes of the tone abnormalities are reviewed, and a rational approach to the diagnostic evaluation of these children is offered.
儿科神经科医生经常被要求评估肌张力减退的患者。这种会诊请求通常出现在两种不同的情况下：第一种是在新生儿期，神经科医生被要求评估“松软婴儿”；第二种是在出生后第一年的后半段，通常伴随着对婴儿发育进程，尤其是运动发育的担忧。在本文中，我将尝试概述与婴幼儿肌张力产生相关的因素。将回顾对肌张力减退儿童进行临床评估的要素，包括那些对测量肌张力最有帮助的临床检查。本文提出了一种定位肌张力障碍起源的方案，回顾了许多已知的肌张力异常原因，并提供了对这些儿童进行诊断评估的合理方法。
