Depprich Rita, Handschel Jörg, Wiesmann Hans-Peter, Jäsche-Meyer Janine, Meyer Ulrich
Clinic for Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Jul;46(5):349-54. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.01.012. Epub 2008 Mar 17.
Engineering of various oral tissues is a challenging issue in contemporary maxillofacial reconstructive research. In contrast to the classic biomaterial approach, tissue engineering is based on the understanding of cell driven tissue formation, and aims to generate new functional tissues, rather than just to implant non-living space holders. Researchers hope to reach this goal by combining knowledge from biology, physics, materials science, engineering, and medicine in an integrated manner. Several major technical advances have been made in this field during the last decade, and clinical application is at the stage of first clinical trials. A recent limitation of extracorporally engineered cellular substitutes is the problem of growing enlarged tissues ex vivo. One of the main research topics is therefore to scale up artificial tissue constructs for use in extended defect situations. To overcome the monolayer inherent two-dimensional cell assembly, efforts have been made to grow cells in a three-dimensional space. Bioreactors have therefore been in focus for a considerable time to build up enlarged tissues. The shift from the ex vivo approach of cell multiplication to the generation of a real tissue growth is mirrored by the development of bioreactors, enabling scientists to grow more complex tissue constructs. This present review intends to provide an overview of the current state of art in maxillofacial tissue engineering by the use of bioreactors, its limitations and hopes, as well as the future research trends.
在当代颌面重建研究中，各种口腔组织的工程构建是一个具有挑战性的问题。与传统的生物材料方法不同，组织工程基于对细胞驱动组织形成的理解，旨在生成新的功能性组织，而不仅仅是植入无生命的占位材料。研究人员希望通过将生物学、物理学、材料科学、工程学和医学等多学科知识进行整合来实现这一目标。在过去十年中，该领域取得了几项重大技术进展，临床应用正处于首次临床试验阶段。体外构建的细胞替代物目前存在的一个局限性是在体外培养扩大组织的问题。因此，主要研究课题之一是扩大人工组织构建体的规模，以用于更大范围的缺损情况。为了克服单层细胞固有的二维组装方式，人们致力于在三维空间中培养细胞。因此，生物反应器在相当长的一段时间内一直是研究的焦点，用于构建扩大的组织。生物反应器的发展反映了从细胞体外增殖方法到真正组织生长生成的转变，使科学家能够培养更复杂的组织构建体。本综述旨在概述利用生物反应器进行颌面组织工程的当前技术水平、其局限性与前景，以及未来的研究趋势。
