Nilsen Per, Bourne Michael, Verplanken Bas
Department of Health and Society, Division of Social Medicine and Public Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2008 Mar;15(1):33-40. doi: 10.1080/17457300701794253.
The limited success of behavioural strategies in injury prevention has been attributed to failure to properly apply behaviour change models to intervention design and the explanation of safety behaviours. However, this paper contends that many health behaviour change interventions do not succeed because they fail to take into account the habitual quality of most health and safety-related behaviour; a more complete model of behaviour change needs to be based on a better understanding of the role of habit. The overall aim is to contribute to better understanding of behavioural strategies for injury prevention. When habits are weak, attitudes and intentions predict behaviours, but as behaviours turn into habits, they become better predictors of future behaviour than attitudes or intentions. Furthermore, where habits are strong, individuals are less likely to act on new information, evaluating counter-habitual information negatively. Integrating the concepts of strong and weak habits with upstream and downstream strategies, a framework is presented for tailoring strategies to the habit strength of the target behaviour.
行为策略在预防伤害方面取得的成效有限，这被归因于未能将行为改变模型正确应用于干预设计以及对安全行为的解释。然而，本文认为许多健康行为改变干预措施未能成功，是因为它们没有考虑到大多数与健康和安全相关行为的习惯性特征；一个更完整的行为改变模型需要基于对习惯作用的更好理解。总体目标是有助于更好地理解预防伤害的行为策略。当习惯较弱时，态度和意图能够预测行为，但随着行为转变为习惯，习惯比态度或意图更能预测未来行为。此外，在习惯较强的情况下，个体不太可能根据新信息采取行动，会对与习惯相悖的信息进行负面评估。将强弱习惯的概念与上游和下游策略相结合，提出了一个根据目标行为的习惯强度量身定制策略的框架。
