Lammers Marc O, Brainard Russell E, Au Whitlow W L, Mooney T Aran, Wong Kevin B
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 and Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Mar;123(3):1720-8. doi: 10.1121/1.2836780.
Keeping track of long-term biological trends in many marine habitats is a challenging task that is exacerbated when the habitats in question are in remote locations. Monitoring the ambient sound field may be a useful way of assessing biological activity because many behavioral processes are accompanied by sound production. This article reports the preliminary results of an effort to develop and use an Ecological Acoustic Recorder (EAR) to monitor biological activity on coral reefs and in surrounding waters for periods of 1 year or longer. The EAR is a microprocessor-based autonomous recorder that periodically samples the ambient sound field and also automatically detects sounds that meet specific criteria. The system was used to record the sound field of coral reefs and other marine habitats on Oahu, HI. Snapping shrimp produced the dominant acoustic energy on the reefs examined and exhibited clear diel acoustic trends. Other biological sounds recorded included those produced by fish and cetaceans, which also exhibited distinct temporal variability. Motor vessel activity could also be monitored effectively with the EAR. The results indicate that acoustic monitoring may be an effective means of tracking biological and anthropogenic activity at locations where continuous monitoring by traditional survey methods is impractical.
追踪许多海洋栖息地的长期生物趋势是一项具有挑战性的任务，而当相关栖息地位于偏远地区时，这一挑战会更加严峻。监测环境声场可能是评估生物活动的一种有用方法，因为许多行为过程都伴随着声音产生。本文报告了一项开发并使用生态声学记录仪（EAR）来监测珊瑚礁及周边水域生物活动长达一年或更长时间的初步成果。EAR是一种基于微处理器的自主记录仪，它会定期对环境声场进行采样，并自动检测符合特定标准的声音。该系统用于记录夏威夷瓦胡岛珊瑚礁和其他海洋栖息地的声场。在所检测的珊瑚礁上，鼓虾产生了主要的声能，并呈现出明显的昼夜声学趋势。记录到的其他生物声音包括鱼类和鲸类产生的声音，它们也表现出明显的时间变化。EAR还能有效监测机动船只的活动。结果表明，在传统调查方法难以进行连续监测的地点，声学监测可能是追踪生物和人为活动的有效手段。
