Storhaug K
Institutt for samfunnsodontologie, Universitetet i Oslo.
Nor Tannlaegeforen Tid. 1991 May;101(8):258-61.
More than 30,000 Norwegians are mentally retarded and about 50% of them are severely retarded and often multihandicapped. Before 1975 the majority of the severely retarded resided in large institutions. New legislation has led to an increasing emphasis on decentralization and integration in local communities. Mental retardation is caused by prenatal brain damage in 90% of the cases. Chromosomal aberrations like Down and Fragile-X syndromes are the most common causes. A high proportion of individuals with autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and sensory defects are mentally retarded, and the most common additional diagnoses in mental retardation are speech defects, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, congenital heart disease, sight and hearing impairment and hydrocephalus. Almost 1/3 of the mentally retarded adults have developed psychiatric disturbances. Families with mentally retarded children are affected emotionally, socially and economically, and the burden increases as the mentally retarded individual grows older.
三万多名挪威人智力发育迟缓，其中约50%为重度智力发育迟缓，且往往存在多种障碍。1975年以前，大多数重度智力发育迟缓者居住在大型机构中。新的立法使得人们越来越重视权力下放和融入当地社区。90%的智力发育迟缓病例是由产前脑损伤引起的。像唐氏综合征和脆性X综合征这样的染色体畸变是最常见的病因。很大一部分自闭症、脑瘫、癫痫和感官缺陷患者智力发育迟缓，而智力发育迟缓最常见的附加诊断是语言缺陷、癫痫、脑瘫、先天性心脏病、视力和听力障碍以及脑积水。近三分之一的成年智力发育迟缓者出现了精神障碍。有智力发育迟缓儿童的家庭在情感、社会和经济方面都受到影响，而且随着智力发育迟缓者年龄的增长，负担也会加重。
