Rainforth Maxwell V, Schneider Robert H, Nidich Sanford I, Gaylord-King Carolyn, Salerno John W, Anderson James W
Institute for Natural Medicine and Prevention, Maharishi University of Management, 2100 Mansion Drive, Suite 211, Maharishi Vedic City, IA 52556, USA.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2007 Dec;9(6):520-8. doi: 10.1007/s11906-007-0094-3.
Substantial evidence indicates that psychosocial stress contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous meta-analyses of stress reduction and high blood pressure (BP) were outdated and/or methodologically limited. Therefore, we conducted an updated systematic review of the published literature and identified 107 studies on stress reduction and BP. Seventeen trials with 23 treatment comparisons and 960 participants with elevated BP met criteria for well-designed randomized controlled trials and were replicated within intervention categories. Meta-analysis was used to calculate BP changes for biofeedback, -0.8/-2.0 mm Hg (P = NS); relaxation-assisted biofeedback, +4.3/+2.4 mm Hg (P = NS); progressive muscle relaxation, -1.9/-1.4 mm Hg (P = NS); stress management training, -2.3/-1.3 mm (P = NS); and the Transcendental Meditation program, -5.0/-2.8 mm Hg (P = 0.002/0.02). Available evidence indicates that among stress reduction approaches, the Transcendental Meditation program is associated with significant reductions in BP. Related data suggest improvements in other CVD risk factors and clinical outcomes.
大量证据表明，心理社会压力会导致高血压和心血管疾病（CVD）。先前关于减压与高血压（BP）的荟萃分析已过时且/或在方法上存在局限性。因此，我们对已发表的文献进行了更新的系统综述，并确定了107项关于减压与血压的研究。17项试验（包含23种治疗比较）以及960名血压升高的参与者符合精心设计的随机对照试验标准，并在干预类别中进行了重复。荟萃分析用于计算生物反馈的血压变化，为-0.8/-2.0毫米汞柱（P =无统计学意义）；放松辅助生物反馈为+4.3/+2.4毫米汞柱（P =无统计学意义）；渐进性肌肉松弛为-1.9/-1.4毫米汞柱（P =无统计学意义）；压力管理训练为-2.3/-1.3毫米汞柱（P =无统计学意义）；超觉静坐计划为-5.0/-2.8毫米汞柱（P = 0.002/0.02）。现有证据表明，在各种减压方法中，超觉静坐计划与血压的显著降低相关。相关数据表明其他心血管疾病危险因素和临床结局有所改善。
