Vinijsanun A, Martin L
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Australia.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 1991;3(1):35-50. doi: 10.1071/rd9910035.
Bilateral ovariectomy on Day 1 of pregnancy increased abnormal embryo numbers on Day 4 and delayed passage of embryos to the uterus. Progestins given on Day 1 reversed these effects; given on Day 3 they reduced numbers of abnormal embryos, but did not restore normal transport. Oestrogen given alone after ovariectomy increased embryo loss, but restored preimplantation embryo development to normal when given on Day 3 after progestins on Day 1. The results suggested that both oestrogen and progesterone were necessary for normal preimplantation embryo development in vivo. However, although Day-1 progestins produced the greatest improvement in embryo transport and preimplantation development, they supported only low implantation rates compared with progestins starting on Day 3, and no progestin treatment returned implantation rates to normal. Sham ovariectomy on Day 1 also reduced implantation rate, suggesting that surgical stress of Day-1 ovariectomy had major adverse effects on embryo viability. This view was supported by experiments involving unilateral ovariectomy, which produced abnormalities in embryo transport, development and implantation, but only on the operated side. Furthermore, the major abnormality induced in embryo development by unilateral and bilateral ovariectomy, viz embryonic autolysis, was not increased in experiments in which pregnancy was blocked by non-surgical antagonism of progesterone. It is concluded that abnormalities in embryo development induced by early ovariectomy are not caused by a deficit of endogenous hormones, but result largely from effects of surgical trauma on oviduct function which can be reversed by treatment with exogenous hormones.
妊娠第1天进行双侧卵巢切除术会增加第4天异常胚胎的数量，并延迟胚胎进入子宫的时间。第1天给予孕激素可逆转这些影响；第3天给予则可减少异常胚胎的数量，但无法恢复正常的转运。卵巢切除术后单独给予雌激素会增加胚胎损失，但在第1天给予孕激素后第3天给予雌激素时，可将植入前胚胎发育恢复正常。结果表明，雌激素和孕激素对于体内正常的植入前胚胎发育都是必需的。然而，尽管第1天给予孕激素对胚胎转运和植入前发育的改善最大，但与第3天开始给予孕激素相比，其支持的着床率较低，且没有任何孕激素治疗能使着床率恢复正常。第1天进行假卵巢切除术也会降低着床率，这表明第1天卵巢切除术的手术应激对胚胎活力有重大不利影响。涉及单侧卵巢切除术的实验支持了这一观点，该手术仅在手术侧导致胚胎转运、发育和着床异常。此外，在通过非手术拮抗孕激素来阻断妊娠的实验中，单侧和双侧卵巢切除术诱导的胚胎发育主要异常（即胚胎自溶）并未增加。结论是，早期卵巢切除术诱导的胚胎发育异常并非由内源性激素缺乏引起，而是主要源于手术创伤对输卵管功能的影响，而外源性激素治疗可逆转这种影响。
