Igarashi Eiki
NanoCarrier Co., Ltd., Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 May 15;229(1):121-34. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.02.007. Epub 2008 Feb 21.
Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine. The purpose of this article is to review common characteristics of polymeric nanomedicines with respect to passive targeting. We consider several biodegradable polymeric nanomedicines that are between 1 and 100 nm in size, and discuss the impact of this technology on efficacy, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and targeting. The degree of toxicity of polymeric nanomedicines is strongly influenced by the biological conditions of the local environment, which influence the rate of degradation or release of polymeric nanomedicines. The dissemination of polymeric nanomedicines in vivo depends on the capillary network, which can provide differential access to normal and tumor cells. The accumulation of nanomedicines in the microlymphatics depends upon retention time in the blood and extracellular compartments, as well as the type of capillary endothelium surrounding specific tissues. Finally, the toxicity or efficacy of intact nanomedicines is also dependent upon tissue type, i.e., non-endocrine or endocrine tissue, spleen, or lymphatics, as well as tumor type.
纳米医学是纳米技术在医学中的应用。本文的目的是综述聚合物纳米药物在被动靶向方面的共同特征。我们考虑了几种尺寸在1至100纳米之间的可生物降解聚合物纳米药物，并讨论了该技术对疗效、药代动力学、毒性和靶向性的影响。聚合物纳米药物的毒性程度受到局部环境生物学条件的强烈影响，这些条件会影响聚合物纳米药物的降解或释放速率。聚合物纳米药物在体内的传播取决于毛细血管网络，该网络可为正常细胞和肿瘤细胞提供不同的进入途径。纳米药物在微淋巴管中的积累取决于在血液和细胞外间隙中的停留时间，以及特定组织周围毛细血管内皮的类型。最后，完整纳米药物的毒性或疗效还取决于组织类型，即非内分泌或内分泌组织、脾脏或淋巴管，以及肿瘤类型。
