Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA.
Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2006 Mar;2(1):99-113.
Topical anesthetics have evolved from a simple solution of cocaine to creams, ointments, gels, liposomal preparations, and to the latest sophisticated patches and peels. Topical anesthetics are essential for performing diagnostic, therapeutic, and cosmetic dermatology procedures. These anesthetics noninvasively deliver anesthesia in locally required areas. In this review, we present an overview on the mechanism of precutaneous absorption of skin and address the composition, duration of onset of anesthetic effect, uses, and side effects that are applicable for the products. Also discussed are the novel advances of using heat to enhance penetration of the anesthetic as seen in Synera(trade mark) patch and delivery of anesthesia using a peel method as seen in the yet to be US Food and Drug Administration-approved S-Caine peel.
局部麻醉剂已经从简单的可卡因溶液发展到乳膏、软膏、凝胶、脂质体制剂，再到最新的复杂贴片和剥离剂。局部麻醉剂对于进行诊断、治疗和美容皮肤科手术至关重要。这些麻醉剂通过非侵入性的方式在局部需要的区域提供麻醉。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了皮肤经皮吸收的机制，并讨论了适用于这些产品的组成、麻醉起效时间、用途和副作用。我们还讨论了使用热来增强麻醉剂渗透的新进展，如 Synera(商标)贴片，以及使用剥离方法递送麻醉剂，如尚未获得美国食品和药物管理局批准的 S-Caine 剥离剂。
